Elementary Terms
What is statistics?
The science of conducting studies to collect, organize, summarize, analyze, and draw conclusions from data.
A summary of data showing the number of items in each of several non-overlapping classes
Frequency Distribution
Data that uses numeric values to indicate "how many" or "how much"
Quantitative Data
Shoes Cost: $28, $40,$22, $32, $40, $22, $8, $40
What is the Average Cost?
$29.00
What is Parameter and Statistic?
Parameter: numerical summary of a population
Statistic: numerical summary of a sample
These distributions can be converted to distributions using proportions instead of raw data as frequencies
Relative Frequency Graph
What is Discrete and Continuous Data?
Discrete: can be counted; whole number; Key words: counted or number of
Continuous: infinite number of values between any two specific values; measurement; key word: measurement
Find the range of the numbers below
13,17,19,26,27,13,14,48,36,20,30,45,20,32
Range: 35
What is Quantitative and give the Level of Measurments
A numerical variable representing amounts or quantities
Interval: Temperature and Year of birth
Ratio: Distance, Height, Weight, Age, Time, and Price
If a large amount of data lies in one direction to the right, this data set is said to be
Negatively Skewed or Skewed to the Left
Data that can be grouped by specific categories
Categorical Data
Find the mode of the numbers below:
26, 12, 28, 11, 19, 13, 28, 26, 16, 11, 18, 11, 26
2 modes: 26 and 11
How do you find class width?
Subtract highest minus lowest number (Range) / Number of classes
Intervals of data that can be grouped into specific ranges
Classes
Data collected over several time periods
Time-series data
What is Median, Mode, and Range?
Median: order numbers from greatest to least and find middle number
Mode: number that repeats more than once
Range: highest number minus lowest number
What is the difference between Population and Sample Standard Deviation
Population: Square Root (X-Mean)^2/N
Sample: Square Root (X-Mean)^2/N-1
A distribution that shows the number of data items with values less than or equal to the upper class limit of each class
Cumulative Frequency Distribution
Type of data, which describes nominal or ordinal attributes of specific entities, often is grouped with categorical data
Qualitative Data
Counselors ages are: 13, 17, 14, 16, 16, 14, 16, 14
what is the mean age?
15 years