SLD
What is ED-code for SLD
Specific learning disability means a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may have manifested itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell, or do mathematical calculations, including conditions such as perceptual disabilities, brain injury, minimal brain dysfunction, dyslexia, and developmental aphasia.
What is ED-code for OHI?
Other health impairment means having limited strength, vitality, or alertness, including a heightened alertness to environmental stimuli, that results in limited alertness with respect to the educational environment that:
(A) Is due to chronic or acute health problems such as asthma, attention deficit disorder or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, diabetes, epilepsy, a heart condition, hemophilia, lead poisoning, leukemia, nephritis, rheumatic fever, sickle cell anemia, and Tourette syndrome; and
(B) Adversely affects a child's educational performance.
What is ED-code for AUT
Autism means a developmental disability significantly affecting verbal and nonverbal communication and social interaction, generally evident before age three, and adversely affecting a child's educational performance.
What is ED-code for ID?
significantly subaverage general intellectual functioning, existing concurrently with deficits in adaptive behavior, and manifested during the developmental period, that adversely affects a child's educational performance.
What are Sensory Motor Skills?
The integration of perceptual and cognitive skills to organize physical output
Involves planning, controlling, and coordinating fine motor movement
How do you assess for SLD?
Discrepancy Model
Patterns of Strengths and Weaknesses
RTI
RIOT
How would we see ADHD like symptoms in a student?
Inattention
Hyperactivity
Distractibility
Impulsivity/poor impulse control
What are some exclusionary criteria for AUT?
Autism does not apply if a child's educational performance is adversely affected primarily because the child has an emotional disability, as defined in subdivision
What is ED-code for ED?
Emotional Disability means a condition exhibiting one or more of the following characteristics, over a long period of time and to a marked degree, that adversely affects educational performance: (A) An inability to learn which cannot be explained by intellectual, sensory, or health factors; (B) An inability to build or maintain satisfactory interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers; (C) Inappropriate types of behavior or feeling under normal circumstances; (D) A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or depression; or (E) A tendency to develop physical symptoms or fears associated with personal or school problems. The term (ED) includes schizophrenia.
What is Visual Processing
Involves perceiving, analyzing, and thinking with visual patterns, spatial configurations and designs, and spatial orientation.
The ability to analyze and synthesize visual information
Ability to make use of simulated mental imagery to solve problems
What are some exclusionary criteria for SLD
Specific learning disabilities do not include learning problems that are primarily the result of visual, hearing, or motor disabilities, of intellectual disability, of emotional disability, or of environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantage.
How would you assess for OHI?
Record review: teacher comments, health history (diagnosis)
Interviews
Observations: how does this student compare across settings and compared to peers? Difference during testing one on one vs in class?
(Ask about executive functioning (time management, memory, self management))
Testing, rating scales
How would you assess for Autism?
Record Review: Look at developmental history, teacher comments, health records
Interviews: parent, teacher, staff, student
Observations: structured and unstructured (are they alone, next to peers but not WITH them?)
Testing: ADOS is gold standard
Consult! consult with other service providers like your SLP and OT
What is exclusionary criteria for ED?
the term does not apply to children who are socially maladjusted, unless it is determined that they have an emotional disability.
What is Auditory Processing?
Involves the ability to hold information in mental awareness and use it within a few seconds. May be influenced by attention.
Does one score indicate a deficit?
No, A processing deficit is identified by a pattern of below average scores within a processing area. One single score does not indicate a deficit.
Are ADHD like symptoms seen across settings?
Yes (most of the time!)
ADHD symptoms are often seen across settings! if they are not seen across settings it may the student is struggling due to SLD rather than ADHD (SLD struggles will be prevalent with academic scores)
what are some examples of adaptive behaviors
Communication, health/safety, social skills, home living, leisure, self-care (bodily functions), functional academics, work, community use, self-direction
What is Phonological Processing?
Involves the ability to analyze and synthesize auditory stimuli. This ability is important for language development and reading. The ability to use and manipulate speech sounds and patterns to make meaning from spoken and written word.
What are the 8 academic areas that are affected by SLD?
1. Basic Reading Skills
2. Reading Comprehension
3. Reading Fluency
4. Math Calculation
5. Math Reasoning (problem solving)
6. Written Expression
7. Listening Comprehension
8. Oral Expression
PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESSING
What is Cognitive Association, Fluid Reasoning, and Cognitive Expressions?
Association: Ability to store information (e.g., concepts, words, facts), consolidate it, and fluently retrieve it at a later time (e.g., minutes, hours, days, and years) through association
Fluid reasoning: Novel reasoning and problem-solving; ability to solve problems that are relatively new or novel Processes are minimally dependent on prior knowledge
Cognitive expressions: Reflects the degree to which a person has learned practically useful knowledge and mastered skills to comprehend and communicate culturally-valued knowledge
What are exclusionary criteria for ID?
Limited English Proficiency, Vision/hearing/motor impairment, cultural/economic disadvantage, limited school experience, environmental factors
What is Attention Processing?
Involves focusing on certain stimuli for information processing, regulating thinking, and completing tasks. It is necessary to be able to attend to both auditory and visual stimuli in the environment.
Sub-Areas
Selective/focused attention (can you ignore distractions)
Shifting attention
Divided attention
Sustained attention (length of timeAttentional capacity)