Legislation
1954 Supreme Court Case eliminating racial segregation to address educational inequities
1954 Brown v. Board of Education
Students for whom English is an additional language and qualify for language support
English Language Learners (ELLs) or English Learners (ELs) (simple definition)
EVALUATION is the hallmark for this kind of assessment, which includes evaluation beyond the classroom --- at the grade level, department, district, or state levels.
What is Assessment OF Learning?
These are intended to set goals for content-driven language learning in lesson plan design.
What are WIDA's Language Expectations, or Language Objectives?
1965 federal law holding states, districts, schools accountable to improving ed. performance of diverse student populations
1965 Elementary & Secondary Education Act
Identified through screening and assessment, students whose English language proficiency levels prevent them from accessing and acquiring grade-level material without instructional support.
English Language Learners (ELLs) or English Learners (ELs) (formal definition)
This refers to the internal consistency among the test items, the consistency in the scores for the test-taker, or the consistency of scoring among the graders.
What is Reliability?
The use of multiple means of communication, is an essential way for all students to access and engage in the content areas.
What is multimodality?
1974 Supreme Court case expanding the rights of ELLs and endorsing bilingual education
1974 Lau v. Nichols
Students who have lived in the U.S. for multiple generations and wish to revitalize/save their linguistic roots
Indigenous Learners
Student AGENCY - when students act and advocate on behalf of themselves - is the hallmark of this approach to assessment.
What is Assessment AS Learning?
1. EQUITY of Opportunity and Access
2. INTEGRATION of Content and Language
3. COLLABORATION among Stakeholders
4. FUNCTIONAL APPROACH to Language Development
What are WIDA's four Big Ideas?
1990 federal law ensuring students with disabilities are given free, appropriate public education
1990 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
ELLs who attend school for a short while, return to their home country, and may repeat the cycle.
Students with Limited or Interrupted Formal Education (SLIFE)
This ensures that the interpretations or inferences made from the results of an assessment are accurate in representing the meaning of the construct tested.
What is Validity?
WIDA ELD Standards Framework Four Key Language Uses
Narrate, Inform, Explain, Argue
2001 reauthorization of ESEA, mandating English language proficiency/development standards
2001 No Child Left Behind Act
Older ELLs (7+ years of language support) who are orally proficient, yet struggle in academic English
Long-term English Language Learners (LTELLS)
FEEDBACK is the hallmark of this kind of assessment. Evidence collected by an instructor in an instructional setting is converted within a short span of time into information used for adjusting instruction.
What is Assessment FOR Learning?
WIDA ELD Standards Framework Two Communication Modes
1) INTERPRETIVE/RECEPTIVE (Listening, Reading, Viewing)
2) EXPRESSIVE/PRODUCTIVE (Speaking, Writing, Representing)