Legislation
1954 Supreme Court Case eliminating racial segregation to address educational inequities
1954 Brown v. Board of Education
Students for whom English is an additional language and qualify for language support
English Language Learners (ELLs) or English Learners (ELs) (simple definition)
Provides content-based, oral, and literacy instruction and assessment in 2 languages
Bilingual or Dual Language Teacher
2010 launching of national standards connecting content and academic language use, which are now recognized as a 21st century skill for all
2010 College and Career Readiness Standards & Common Core State Standards (CCSS)
1965 federal law holding states, districts, schools accountable to improving ed. performance of diverse student populations
1965 Elementary & Secondary Education Act
Identified through screening and assessment, students whose English language proficiency levels prevent them from accessing and acquiring grade-level material without instructional support.
English Language Learners (ELLs) or English Learners (ELs) (formal definition)
Provides integrated academic language development and content learning in English with home language support
“Sheltered” Content Teacher
Students who have lived in the U.S. for multiple generations and wish to revitalize/save their linguistic roots
Indigenous populations
1974 Supreme Court case expanding the rights of ELLs and endorsing bilingual education
1974 Lau v. Nichols
Students born/raised in the U.S. who identify with 1+ multicultural groups and speak English and 1+ languages.
Heritage Language Learners
Collaborates to provide special instruction to reinforce content-related concepts
Language Specialists (ESL – English as a Second Language, ESOL – English to Speakers of Other Languages, etc.)
Collaborates with Language Specialists to support students with an IEP or other need.
Title I and Other Support Teachers
1990 federal law ensuring students with disabilities are given free, appropriate public education
1990 Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
ELLs who attend school for a short while, return to their home country, and may repeat the cycle.
Students with Limited or Interrupted Formal Education (SLIFE)
Collaborates with Specialists to support grade level or above academic language development
General Education and
Gifted & Talented Teachers
WIDA ELD Standards Framework Four Key Language Uses
Narrate, Inform, Explain, Argue
2001 reauthorization of ESEA, mandating English language proficiency/development standards
2001 No Child Left Behind Act
Older ELLs (7+ years of language support) who are orally proficient, yet struggle in academic English
Long-term English Language Learners (LTELLS)
Models lessons and provides support for integrated content and language instruction
Instructional Coaches for Teachers
WIDA ELD Standards Framework Two Communication Modes
1) INTERPRETIVE/RECEPTIVE (Listening, Reading, Viewing)
2) EXPRESSIVE/PRODUCTIVE (Speaking, Writing, Representing)