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100
Most common cause of mitral stenosis
What is Rheumatic Heart Disease
100
BP >140/90 in a diabetic
What is Hypertension. In the population aged ≥18 years with diabetes, treat to a goal SBP <140 mm Hg and goal DBP <90 mm Hg
100
Upon discharge, a patient's repeat blood pressure remains elevated at 160s/100. You will: _____
What is Do nothing. Pt can f/u outpatient with PCP for BP management.
100
Initial antihypertensive med for a 40 yr old white male
What is thiazide diuretic, calcium channel blocker, ACE inhibitor, or ARB. Initial antihypertensive treatment should include a thiazide diuretic, calcium channel blocker, ACE inhibitor, or ARB in the general nonblack population or a thiazide diuretic or calcium channel blocker in the general black population.
100
Medical condition that is associated with Streptococcus bovis endocarditis
What is Colorectal Cancer
200
Average American Diet contains a daily sodium intake of about _____
What is 3500 mg. Recommended daily level is 1500 mg. Salt sensitivity can be abolished by decreasing salt intake and increasing potassium intake.
200
Paroxysms of HTN, palpitations, pallor, perspiration
What is Pheochromocytoma
200
A 52-year-old man states he took his blood pressure and it was elevated to 180/100 mm Hg. He states that he missed his regular dose antihypertensive medication because he was traveling for business and returned home today. His blood pressure now is 176/102 mm Hg. The patient is otherwise asymptomatic and has a normal physical exam. The most appropriate action is to:
What is Resume his outpatient medication
200
A direct acting vasodilator that causes reflex activation of the sympathetic nervous system
What is Hydralazine
200
Holosystolic murmur radiating to axilla
What is Chronic Mitral Regurgitation
300
The definitive cause of elevated BP in >90% of patients
What is Unknown
300
A syndrome of excessive daytime sleepiness, daytime hypercapnia, obesity, htn, cor pulmonale
What is Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
300
Severe Chest Pain, htn, sweating, widened mediastinum on x-ray. You must control SBP to below ____mmHg by giving ____ & _____
BP control to SBP <110, reduce intimal shear forces via beta-blocker (esmolol or labetalol) and sodium nitroprusside. Important that b-blockers are given first before vasodilation to avoid reflex tachycardia and worsening dp/dt (shear forces) from the vasodilators
300
Avoid this antihypertensive class of drugs in patients taking phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors
What is Nitrates
300
1st line medical therapy for htn in pre-eclampsia and eclampsia
What is Magnesium Sulfate. relaxes smooth muscle, limits cerebral edema formation, has central anticonvulsant activity. Patients will likely need a second agent however, such as hydralazine or labetalol
400
Blood pressure cuffs that are too small will give falsely ______ readings
What is Elevated
400
Paroxysms of HTN, headache, palpitations, especially in those taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors
What is Tyramine containing foods
400
Treatment of Hypertensive Encephalopathy should first involve ________ and reduce MAP by ______ . Therapeutic effectiveness can be gauged by ___________. This drug _____ is a good choice
Rule out alternative causes of altered mentation, reduce MAP by 30-40%. Symptom resolution is the best gauge of therapeutic effectiveness. Nicardipine and labetalol. Nicardipine and labetalol produce an even reduction in resistance across vascular beds (systemically and cerebrally) and are good agents of choice; whereas Nitroprusside affects systemic circulation more than cerebral and can lead to peripheral shunting and cerebral ischemia
400
Avoid this antihypertensive class in cocaine related chest pain.
Beta-blocker. Can cause unopposed alpha effects leading to worsening symptoms and blood pressure.
400
A 77-year-old man presents with syncope. He states he was walking to the bus when he felt chest pain, shortness of breath and passed out. The patient has a history of hypertension. Examination reveals dry mucous membranes and a systolic murmur that radiates to the carotids bilaterally. The patient continues to complain of chest pain. Vitals are unremarkable and the ECG reveals left ventricular hypertrophy. What management is indicated? A) Intravenous fluids and cardiology consultation B) Morphine sulfate and admit to telemetry C) Sublingual nitroglycerin and activation of the cardiac catheterization lab D) Sublingual nitroglycerin and admit to telemetry
What is Intravenous fluids and cardiology consultation. Syncope and a systolic murmur radiating to the neck suggest the presence of critical aortic stenosis. Management should focus on restoring preload and cardiology consultation.
500
Valve most commonly involved in IVDA endocarditis
What is Tricuspid
500
HTN in upper extremities, decreased lower extremity pulses
What is Coarctation of the aorta
500
Antihypertensive agent that is preferable for a hypertensive emergency caused by a pheochromocytoma
What is Intravenous phentolamine. It is an alpha-blocker which can be used to block the catecholamine effects of a pheochromocytoma.
500
1st line definitive treatment for pre-eclampsia/eclapmsia
What is Delivery!
500
Name for Aortic stenosis and gastrointestinal bleeding from gastrointestinal angiodysplasia.
What is Heyde's syndrome