Renaissance
Renaissance was a rebirth of what two civilizations
Greek and Rome
List three reasons why the Catholic Church was viewed as a corrupt institution.
1. German and English nobility disliked Italian domination over the church
2. The Church's political power and wealth
3. Church corruption and the sale of indulgences
The conflict between Protestants and Catholics resulted in devastating wars
100 Year Wars
What are the three G's
Gold, God, and Glory
This absolute monarch built the Palace of Versailles as a symbol of royal power
Louis XIV (the 14th) aka the Sun God
Where did the Renaissance originate (start) and what areas did it spread to?
Views: Salvation by faith alone; the Bible is the ultimate authority, all humans are equal before God.
Actions: Wrote 95 Theses, help create Protestant Church, initiated the Protestant Reformation that splintered Catholic Europe
Martin Luther
This wealthy family supported the Roman Catholic Church.
The Hapsburg family
Which explorer sailed for Portugal?
Vasco Da Gama
Humans exist in a primitive state, this enlighten tinker argued that humans were inherently selfish and that a monarchy was best. He also wrote the Leviathan
Thomas Hobbes
List visual artists from the Renaissance
Michelangelo and Leonardo da Vinci
Views: Single predestination (God chooses those to be saved and those to be punished)
Action: Expansion of the Protestant Movement (Calvinist)
John Calvin
Granted Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship (religion)
Which explorers sailed for Spain?
Christopher Columbus, Hernando Cortez, Francisco Pizarro, and Ferdinand Magellan
This enlightened thinker stated: "People are sovereign and consent to the government for the protection of natural rights to life, liberty, and property."
John Locke
Name the two authors/writers from the Renaissance
Machiavelli and Erasmus
Views: Disagreed with the authority of the Pope
Actions: Divorced; broke ties with papal authority; headed the national church in England; appropriated lands and wealth of the Roman Catholic Church in England
King Henry VII (8th)
The Council of Trent reaffirmed most Church doctrines and practices
The Society of Jesuits was founded to spread Catholic doctrine around the world
The Inquisition was used to reinforce Catholic doctrine
Catholic Counter-Reformation
Which explorer sailed for England?
Sir Francis Drake
This enlighten thinker popularized the concept of separation of powers
Montesquieu
List and define the two ideas that focus on intellectual thinking (Humans)
Secularism is a belief system that rejects religion, or the belief that religion should not be part of the affairs of the state or part of public education
Humanism is the belief that people can achieve happiness and live well without religion.
Views: Tolerance for dissenters, expansion, and colonialism
Actions: Commissioned the 39 Articles; victory over the Spanish Armada (1588)
Queen Elizabeth I
What are the four philosophies of the Reformation
Humanism: emerged during the renaissance; challenged the authority of the Catholic church (Focus on humans rather than divine or supernatural matters)
Secularism: emphasis on worldly things rather than religious duties
Individualism: emphasis on the accomplishments of individuals rather than communities
Skepticism: attitude or doubt toward knowledge claims that are seen as mere belief or dogma, like religious doctrine and authority.
This navigator used centralized government power to put funds towards navigational institutes
Prince Henry
Jean-Jacques Rousseau