Neurological
A patient with a suspected stroke presents with slurred speech that is difficult for you to understand
A. Dysphasia B. Aphasia
C. Dysarthria D.Dysphagia
What is : Dysarthria is defined as slurred, poorly articulated speech; it is common in stroke patients.
When a person is exposed to cold temperatures and strong winds for an extended period of time, he or she will lose heat mostly by:
A.radiation.
B.convection.
C.conduction.
D.evaporation.
What is B. Convection
Convection occurs when heat is transferred to circulating air, as when cool air moves across the body surface. A person wearing lightweight clothing and standing outside in cold, windy, weather is losing heat to the environment mostly by convection
A laceration located on the plantar surface is on the:
A.sole of the foot.
B.palm of the hand.
C.back of the body.
D.front of the body.
What is A.sole of the foot.
Plantar refers to the soles of the feet while palmar refers to the palms of the hands. Dorsal or posterior is used when referring to the back of the body. Ventral or anterior is used to when referring to the front of the body.
The LEAST common cause of death in patients over 65 years of age is:
A.stroke.
B.diabetes.
C.heart attack.
D.drug overdose.
What is D.drug overdose.
The leading causes of death in patients over 65 years of age are heart disease, diabetes, stroke, cancer, pulmonary diseases, and trauma. Drug overdose—intentional or unintentional—is not a leading cause of death in this age group.
Which of the following is NOT a solid organ?
A.Liver
B.Kidney
C.Spleen
D.Gallbladder
What is D.Gallbladder
The gallbladder is a hollow organ that concentrates and stores bile, which is produced by the liver. Other hollow organs include the stomach and intestines. The liver, spleen, and kidney are all solid organs.
A type of seizure that is characterized by severe twitching of all the body’s muscles and lasts for several minutes or longer is called a(n):
A.partial seizure. B.absence seizure.
C.tonic-clonic seizure. D. generalized seizure
What is Generalized seizures
Shivering in the presence of hypothermia indicates that the:
A.musculoskeletal system is damaged.
B.nerve endings are damaged, causing loss of muscle control.
C.body is trying to generate more heat through muscular activity.
D.thermoregulatory system has failed and body temperature is falling.
What is C. Body is trying to generate more heat through muscular activity.
Shivering in the presence of hypothermia indicates that the body is trying to generate more heat (thermogenesis) through muscular activity. In early hypothermia, shivering is a voluntary attempt to produce heat; as hypothermia progresses, shivering becomes involuntary.
You place a patient in the semi-Fowler’s position for transport. This means the patient is:
A.lying on his or her back.
B.lying on his or her stomach.
C.sitting at a 45-degree angle.
D.sitting at a 90-degree angle.
•
What is C.sitting at a 45-degree angle.
A patient that is sitting at a 45-degree angle is said to be in a semi-Fowler’s position. A patient is said to be supine when positioned on his or her back. When a patient is lying on his or her stomach, they are said to be in a prone position. If you have a patient sitting at a 90-degree angle, you have placed them in a high-Fowler’s position.
According to the GEMS diamond, a person’s activities of daily living are evaluated during the:
A.SAMPLE history.
B.social assessment.
C.medical assessment.
D.environmental assessment.
What is B.social assessment.
The GEMS diamond was created to help you remember what is unique to older people. During the social assessment (the “S” in the GEMS diamond), the patient’s activities of daily living (eg, eating, dressing, bathing, toileting) are evaluated. Are these activities being provided? If so, by whom? Are there delays in obtaining food, medication, or other necessary items?
A condition in which a person experiences a loss of appetite is called:
A.ileus.
B.colic.
C.emesis.
D.anorexia.
What is D.anorexia
Anorexia is defined as a loss of appetite. It is a nonspecific symptom but is often associated with gastrointestinal diseases and abdominal pain. Ileus is the paralysis of the muscular contractions that normally propel material through the intestine. Colic is a severe, intermittent cramping pain. Emesis is the proper medical term for vomiting.
The MOST important reason for promptly transporting a stroke patient to the hospital is because:
A.a transient ischemic attack can be ruled out.
B.medications may be given to reverse the stroke.
C.the clot in the coronary artery may be dissolved.
D.he or she needs close blood pressure monitoring.
What is B. Medications may be given to reverse the stroke.
Fibrinolytic medications (clot busters) have been shown to reverse the symptoms of a stroke by dissolving the clot that is blocking the cerebral artery. However, for the patient to be eligible for this therapy, it must be initiated within 3 hours after the onset of symptoms. For this reason, prompt transport of the stroke patient is critical.
All of the following are examples of passive rewarming techniques, EXCEPT:
A.removing cold, wet clothing.
B.administering warm fluids by mouth.
C.turning up the heat inside the ambulance.
D.covering the patient with warm blankets.
What is B.administering warm fluids by mouth.
Passive rewarming involves allowing the patient’s body temperature to rise gradually and naturally. Removing cold, wet clothing; turning up the heat in the ambulance; and covering the patient with warm blankets are examples of passive rewarming. Administering warmed fluids by mouth or intravenously is an example of active rewarming; this should be avoided in the uncontrolled prehospital setting
A body part that lies closer to the midline when compared to another is considered to be:
A.medial.
B.distal.
C.lateral.
D.proximal.
What is A.medial.
The term medial is used to identify a body part that closer to the midline when compare to another. Distal is used to refer to a body part that is further away from the trunk in comparison to another. Lateral refers to a describe a structure that lies away from midline or towards the side of the body. Proximal is used to describe a body part that is closer to the trunk when compared to another.
A condition that clouds the lens of the eye is called:
A.cataract.
B.nystagmus.
C.astigmatism.
glaucoma
What is A.cataract.
As people get older, cataracts, or clouding of the lens of the eye, may interfere with vision. Glaucoma is a condition caused by increased intraocular pressure (IOP). Nystagmus is characterized by involuntary movement of the eyes. Astigmatism is an optical defect that causes blurred vision due to the inability of the eye to focus an object into a sharp, focused image on the retina.
The medical term for inflammation of the urinary bladder is:
A.cystitis.
B.nephritis.
C.cholecystitis.
D.diverticulitis.
What is A.cystitis.
Cystitis is the medical term for inflammation of the urinary bladder. Nephritis is inflammation of the kidney. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder. Diverticulitis is a condition in which small pouches in the colon (large intestine) become inflamed.
Your patient opens his eyes when you say his name, is making incomprehensible sounds, and withdraws when you pinch his earlobe. What is his GCS score?
A.9 B.8 C.11 D.12
What is A. 9
The Glasgow Coma Scale gives a score of 3 to a patient who opens his or her eyes in response to speech. “Incomprehensible sounds” has a score of 2, and “withdraws to pain” has a score of 4. When added together, this patient’s GCS score is 9.
A 13-year-old girl is found floating face down in a swimming pool. Witnesses tell you that the girl had been practicing diving. After you and your partner safely enter the water, you should:
A.turn her head to the side and give five back slaps.
B.turn her head to the side and begin rescue breathing.
C.rotate her entire body as a unit and carefully remove her from the pool.
D.rotate the entire upper half of her body as a unit, supporting her head and neck.
What is D.rotate the entire upper half of her body as a unit, supporting her head and neck.
When caring for a patient who is in the water and has possibly been injured, rotate the upper half of the body as a unit, supporting the head and neck, until the patient is face up. Open the airway with the jaw-thrust maneuver and begin artificial ventilation
Pain that is felt in a location other than where the pain orginates
A.visceral
B. tearing
C. referred
d. parietal
What is C. referred
visceral pain is a poorly localized, dull or diffuse pain that arises from the abdominal organs or viscera. tearing pain is sharp pain that feels as if body tissues are being torn apart. parietal pain is localized, intense pain that arises from the parietal peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity
You are called to a neatly kept residence for an
80-year-old woman who lives by herself. She burned her hand on the stove and experienced a full-thickness burn. When treating this patient, it is important to note that:
A.there is a high likelihood that she has been abused.
B.isolated full-thickness burns to the hand are not critical burns.
C.this patient should probably be placed in an assisted-living center.
D.slowing of reflexes causes a delayed pain reaction in older people.
What is D.slowing of reflexes causes a delayed pain reaction in older people.
In older patients, the sense of touch decreases due to a loss of the end-nerve fibers. This loss, in conjunction with slowing of the peripheral nervous system, causes a delayed reaction to pain. In this particular scenario, there is no indication that the patient has been abused. Partial- and full-thickness burns to the hands, feet, face, and genitalia are considered critical burns, regardless of the patient’s age.
If a hernia is incarcerated and the contents are so greatly compressed that circulation is compromised, the hernia is said to be:
A.reducible.
B.ruptured.
C.strangulated.
D.congenital.
What is C.strangulated.
A strangulated hernia occurs when a hernia is incarcerated and compressed by the surrounding tissues. It is a serious medical emergency and requires immediate surgery to repair the hernia, remove dead tissue, and return oxygen to the tissues. When the mass can be placed back into the body, it is considered reducible. Hernias are not at risk of rupturing. A congenital hernia is one that is present at birth and is usually present around the umbilicus.
If a patient complains of a severe migraine, how should she be transported?
A. In a brightly lit ambulance so she can see while her vision is impaired
B.With loud sirens so she can get to the hospital as soon as possible
C.Without lights and sirens
D.This patient should not be transported.
What is without lights and sirens
Treatment of a migraine headache is supportive; however, you should always assess the patient for other signs and symptoms that might indicate a more serious condition. Applying high-flow oxygen, if tolerated, may help ease the patient’s condition. When possible, provide a darkened and quiet environment because patients are sensitive to light and sound. Do not use lights and sirens during transport.
Shortly after ascending rapidly to the surface of the water while holding his breath, a 29-year-old diver begins coughing up pink, frothy sputum and complains of dyspnea and chest pain. You should suspect and treat this patient for:
A.an air embolism.
B.a pneumothorax.
C.pneumomediastinum.
D.decompression sickness.
What is A.an air embolism.
Signs of an air embolism, which present after a person rapidly ascends to the surface of the water while holding his or her breath, include skin mottling, pink froth at the mouth or nose, muscle or joint pain, dyspnea and/or chest pain, dizziness, nausea or vomiting, visual impairment, paralysis or coma, and even cardiac arrest.
Perfusion is MOST accurately defined as:
A.the removal of adequate amounts of carbon dioxide during exhalation.
B.the intake of adequate amounts of oxygen during the inhalation phase.
C.circulation of blood within an organ with sufficient amounts of oxygen.
D.the production of carbon dioxide, which accumulates at the cellular level.
What is C.circulation of blood within an organ with sufficient amounts of oxygen.
The slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function is called:
A.senility.
B.delirium.
C.dementia.
D.delusion.
What is C.dementia.
Dementia is defined as the slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function. Alzheimer disease is an example of dementia. In contrast to dementia, delirium is an acutely altered mental status, such as that caused by hypoglycemia.
In which position do most patients with acute abdominal pain prefer to be transported?
A.Sitting, with their head elevated 45°
B.Supine, with their legs elevated 12 inches
C.On their side, with their knees flexed
D.Fowler’s position, with their legs straight
What is C.On their side, with their knees flexed
Most patients with acute abdominal pain prefer to lie on their side with their knees flexed (and usually drawn up into their abdomen). This position takes pressure off the abdominal muscles and may afford them pain relief. The other positions do not allow the pressure to be relieved and may cause further discomfort.