Emergency Medicine Cardiovascular Diseases

Stroke

100

This acronym is often associated with identifying a stroke

FAST

200

This kind of imaging should be done within 20 minutes of presenting to the Emergency Department

CT scan

300

Should the patient be eligible, this agent is a fibrinolytic therapy that can be used

tPA (Alteplase, Tenecteplase)

400

This is the blood pressure required to be eligible for fibrinolytic therapy

<185/110 mmHg

500

This is the therapeutic window for fibrinolytic therapy (aka time from last known well)

3 hours (3-4.5 hours also correct)

ACLS

100

These types of rhythms are considered shockable

Pulseless ventricular tachycardia, Ventricular fibrillation

200

These types of rhythms are considered non-shockable

Asystole, Pulseless electrical activity

300

You should additionally be performing this for a patient who appears to be having any myocardial infarction

CPR

400

In treatment of hyperkalemia in the acute setting, we use this agent to stabilize the myocardial cells membrane and raises the cell’s depolarization threshold

Calcium

500

We use this agent as soon as possible if the patient presents with a non-shockable rhythm

Epinephrine 1 mg IV/IO

Hypertensive Crisis

100

The defining characteristics between hypertensive urgency and hypertensive emergency

Targeted Organ Damage

200

At this blood pressure reading, patients may be considered in hypertensive crisis

BP ≥ 180/110 mmHg

300

This pharmacotherapy option can be useful should the patient present with tachyarrhythmias or acute aortic dissection

Beta-blockers (esmolol and metoprolol)

400

If a patient presents with this, then the goal of treatment is much more aggressive with a goal SBP < 100 mmHg and HR < 60 BPM

Acute Aortic Dissection

500

Sodium Nitroprusside is a vasodilator used in hypertensive emergency. It additionally has this BBW for causing this toxicity with high doses

Cyanide toxicity

ACS

100

In acute coronary syndrome, these are two presentations of myocardial infarction

STEMI and NSTEMI

200

This procedure is often the preferred treatment for a patient presenting with STEMI

Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)

300

These three medications are given prior to a PCI and are known as "pre-procedural medications"

Aspirin, P2Y12 Inhibitor, Heparin

400

Compared to a stroke, this is the therapeutic window for a patient to use fibrinolytic therapy presenting with STEMI

12 hours

500

Clopidogrel has is bioactivated by this CYP enzyme and polymorphism in this CYP can reduce the amount of active metabolite and cause suboptimal therapy

CYP2C19

Pulmonary Embolism/DVT

100

For a patient who can tolerate oral medications with non-cancer induced thrombosis, this is the treatment of choice for VTE treatment (give drug and dose)

DOACs

Apixaban 10 mg twice daily for one week, then 5 mg twice daily

Rivaroxaban 15 mg twice daily with food for three weeks, then 20 mg once daily with food

200

For cancer-associated thrombosis, this medication is the treatment of choice

LMWH

300

This is the typical duration of anticoagulation for patients who presented with proximal DVT and/or PE

3 months

400

In a patient who presents with a PE and is hemodynamically unstable, such as presenting with hypotension and no suggested high-bleeding risk, this treatment may be considered

Alteplase (tPA) 100 mg IV over 2 hours

500

If a patient with a PE and is also hypotensive fails to respond to fibrinolytic therapy, or has a high risk of bleeding, this procedure can be performed

Catheter-Based Thrombus Removal