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1. Which of the following represents a major shift in self-concept during middle childhood?
a. The role of parental feedback becomes more important than peers.
b. Children’s appraisal of themselves becomes far more realistic.
c. Descriptions of the self are exaggerated and highly positive.
d. They tend to engage in upward comparisons with more skilled peers.
e. When asked to describe themselves, they mainly focus on their abilities
b. Children’s appraisal of themselves becomes far more realistic.
Beatty’s mother and father are getting a divorce. Based on the research documenting how divorce oftentimes impacts children, we can anticipate Beatty will likely experience all the following except:
a. delayed sexual relationships
b. lowered academic achievement
c. less time spent with each parent
d. reduced economic security
e. increased emotional distress
a. delayed sexual relationships
William is generally liked by his peers in his 7th-grade class. He is sociable, kind, and does well in school. William would be characterized as a(n)
a. neglected child
b. rejected child
c. controversial child
d. average child
e. popular child
e. popular child
Matthew dreads walking down the school hallway during 4th period breaks as he frequently endures teasing, name-calling, and laughter from his peers because of his shabby clothing. Matthew is likely the victim of ____.
a. prosocial bullying
b. physical bullying
c. verbal bullying
d. relational bullying
e. cyberbullying
d.all of these
c. verbal bullying
Rory, a 12-year-old middle-schooler, ended up in the hospital with significant gastrointestinal problems following the consumption of a Tide pod while he was on a shared video feed with his friends. When his parents asked him why he did this, Rory truthfully told them,
a. “Because they tasted good.”
b. “My friends dared me to.”
c. “I was hungry.”
d. “I thought they were medicine.”
e. “I wasn’t feeling well.”
b. “My friends dared me to.”
During middle childhood, parental beliefs about children’s competence ____.
a. become more realistic as parents compare their child’s abilities against those of same-aged peers
b. are less important in shaping a child’s self-concept than the beliefs of peers
c. become unrealistic and exaggerated as parents overly emphasize positive characteristics
d. are largely based on the parents’ own memories of their abilities at this age
e. continue to be strongly related to their children’s own beliefs and actual performance
e. continue to be strongly related to their children’s own beliefs and actual performance
Children with better perspective-taking skills:
a.are more skilled at peer relations.
b. have a less solidified sense of self.
c.tend to be only-born children.
d.none of these
a. are more skilled at peer relations.
Which of the following is true regarding stepfamilies?
a.There are some risks to living in stepfamilies.
b.The effects of stepfathers are generally negative.
c.The risk of sexual abuse is lower in stepfamilies.
d.The effects of stepmothers are generally positive.
There are some risks to living in stepfamilies.
Children rejected by their peers:
a.are usually more mature than their peers.
b.learn to conform.
c.may have been rejected because of aggressive behavior.
d.all of these
c. may have been rejected because of aggressive behavior.
In a survey study asking parents to indicate what factors they considered the most important when looking for a good school, most parents preferred ____.
a. schools that enrolled high-achieving peers
b. schools with high effectiveness
c. a good academic match for their child
d. teachers with growth mindsets
e. a diverse array of extracurricular activities
a. schools that enrolled high-achieving peers
______________ is defined as a person’s evaluation of their personal value.
a. Self-concept
b. Personality
c. Self-esteem
d. Emotional valence
e. Metacognition
c. Self-esteem
Garret lives with his mother and his sister as well as a new stepdad and step-baby brother. Garret would be considered to be part of a(n)
a. multi-generational family
b. extended family
c. blended family
d. skip generation family
e. unconventional family
c. blended family
Yustine and Greta sit next to each other in class and help each other complete homework assignments. If they have a conflict, they try to work it out by talking over their concerns. Yustine and Greta are most likely
a. classmates.
b. friends.
c. siblings.
d. frenemies.
e. strangers.
b. friends.
Children of divorced parents are more likely to have:
a.conduct disorders
b. lower self-esteem
C. drug abuse, poor grades in school; and physical health may decline temporarily.
d. all of these
all of these
Leila’s parents use a parenting style characterized by consistent control, strong support, and love for her. What kind of parenting style do her parents use?
a.Indulgent
b.Authoritative
c.Authoritarian
d.Insecure
Authoritative
Hammal is a 10-year-old boy who has high self-esteem. Which of the following is likely also true about Hammal?
a. He likely does not feel very valued for his accomplishments.
b. Hammal’s assessment of himself is likely exaggerated and unrealistic.
c. He has a warm and secure attachment history with his parents.
d. When Hammal becomes a teenager, his self-esteem will drop much lower than his peers’.
e. His parents likely do not communicate their beliefs about his abilities to him
c. He has a warm and secure attachment history with his parents.
Wendy was adopted into her new home when she was 18 months old. In contrast, Henry was adopted into his new home when he was 10. Given this information, we would expect that
a. both children will be at risk for poorer cognitive abilities, which is a common occurrence in adoption.
b. Henry, compared to Wendy, will have an easier time transitioning to the changes adoption brings.
c. Wendy, compared to Henry, will have an easier time transitioning to the changes adoption brings.
d. neither child will have difficulties transitioning into their new home, but their families will struggle.
e. the families will easily adjust to having a new family member, but both children will struggle to adapt.
c. Wendy, compared to Henry, will have an easier time transitioning to the changes adoption brings.
Why are peers important?
a.They help in socializing children.
b.They are from a different generation and perspective than their parents.
c.They have different skills and competencies than parents.
d.all of these
all of these
Francine and her friend Carol were standing around the playground when they observed a new transfer student eating a snack by herself. “Why don’t we ask her to join us?” said Francine. “No way,” said her friend, Carol. “I heard she’s very odd and weird. We don’t want to be friends with someone like that.” Carol’s behavior best illustrates ____.
a. prosocial bullying
b. physical bullying
c. verbal bullying
d. relational bullying
e. cyber bullying
Answer: d
d. relational bullying
Marcy’s daughter is turning 4 this coming fall, and Marcy is thinking about homeschooling her daughter but is not sure about the benefits of homeschooling over other types of schooling. Which of the following responses is an accurate representation of one of the benefits of homeschooling?
a. Homeschooling provides parents and children with access to more standardized and rigorous coursework than public schools.
b. For families that move around a lot, like military families, homeschooling can provide greater continuity in education.
c. Homeschooling is an excellent way to offer children more flexibility in creating and maintaining peer friendships.
d. Children that are homeschooled are tracked more regularly via standardized testing than within public schools to ensure academic progress.
e. Parents who homeschool are among the largest group of parents with school-aged kids, thus providing plenty of support for parents and children.
b. For families that move around a lot, like military families, homeschooling can provide greater continuity in education.
6. The most common stressor in middle childhood is
a. not being viewed as attractive
b. not being good at sports
c. failing a test at school
d. interactions with others
e. the death of a parent
d. interactions with others
Pierce, an 8-year-old boy, prefers to play alone. Even if other children invite him into their play group, he refuses. How important is it that Pierce engage with his peers in play?
a. somewhat important, as Pierce will increasingly find himself unable to occupy his time if he doesn’t have any friends.
b. very important, as interacting with peers helps children learn social and cognitive skills they will need later in life.
c. not at all important, as it is not necessary for children to always be surrounded by their peers.
d. very important, as Pierce has reached the developmental age where further cognitive development is not possible without peer interaction.
e. extremely important, as choosing not to engage with peers in play activities is a sign of a serious psychological condition.
b. very important, as interacting with peers helps children learn social and cognitive skills they will need later in life.
Although friendships are generally a very positive thing for children, they are not without potential downsides. Which of the following best represents findings related to this aspect of friendship formation?
a. Young children are more likely to seek out advice from their friends and not their parents.
b. Children tend to have difficulty physically separating themselves from their friends and exhibit attachment anxiety when they do so.
c. Socially skilled children tend to spend much of their time and energy maintaining their social status, at the cost of their schoolwork.
d. Close friendships can oftentimes result in children being reluctant to seek out additional, new friendship opportunities with others.
e. Children who have friends with behavioral problems are more likely to show behavioral problems themselves later.
e. Children who have friends with behavioral problems are more likely to show behavioral problems themselves later.
Which of the following represents a common scenario that explains bullying behavior?
a. ignorance about how bullying actions would make another person feel
b. strong feelings of empathy toward their victims, which result in bullies lashing out
c. having a secret crush on their victim and lacking the courage to tell them
d. attempts to increase social status within their peer group
e. modeling learned correctional tactics observed in parents and teachers
d. attempts to increase social status within their peer group
Family dinners have been shown to provide important health benefits for children, provided that ____.
a. children are required to sit quietly and refrain from talking
b. the family is comprised of at least 2 parents and a child
c. everyone sits at the table for at least 1 hour each night
d. the meals they consume are not fast-food dinners
e. they occur at least five times each week
d. the meals they consume are not fast-food dinners