Definitions
What is emotion?
Feelings that involves our thoughts, body reactions, and actions, and is influenced by what happens inside us and around us.
Which theory states that emotions arise from our awareness of our specific bodily responses to emotion-arousing stimuli?
James-Lange
Which part of the frontal lobe helps control impulses and regulate emotional reactions?
Prefrontal Cortex
What is the activation of the physiological responses of your body and mind, such as changes in heart rate, or breathing?
Arousal
Which psychologist found that facial expressions tend to be the same around the world?
Paul Ekman
What is Universal Emotions?
Certain emotional expressions are recognized and experienced similarly across different cultures.
which theory states that emotion-arousing stimuli trigger our bodily responses and a simultaneous subjective experience?
Cannon-Bard
Which brain structure works with the amygdala to form emotional memories, especially those tied to past experiences?
Hippocampus
What division of the nervous system activates the body during bodily arousal, such as increased heart-rate?
The sympathetic nervous system
Do women have greater sensitivity to nonverbal cues than men?
Yes (Research study by Judith Hall proves this).
What are elicitors?
Stimuli or events that trigger an emotional response in an individual.
Which theory states that some embodied responses happen instantly, without conscious appraisal?
Zajonc-LeDoux
Which part of the brain sends more neural projections to the cortex than it receives, making it easier for our feelings to hijack our thinking because of feeling?
Amygdala
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for calming the body down after an emotional reaction?
The parasympathetic system
What is the facial-feedback effect?
Our facial expressions can trigger emotional feelings and signal our body to respond accordingly.
What is Display Rules?
Cultural norms that dictate how, when, and where individuals should express emotions.
What is the Schachter-Singer theory?
A two-factor theory: Our experience of emotion depends on a) general arousal and b) a conscious cognitive label.
Which brain structure acts as the sensory relay station, directing incoming information to areas of the brain an plays a key role in emotional processing?
Thalamus
Emotions have two ingredients: physical arousal and cognitive appraisal.
What is the behavior feedback effect?
The tendency of behavior to influence our own and others’ thoughts, feelings, and actions.
What is Reappraisal?
An emotional regulation strategy of stress where you change the way you think/view a situation in order to change the way you feel about it.
What is the Broaden-and-Build Theory of Emotion?
Positive emotions help us think more openly and try new things, making us stronger. Negative emotions do the opposite, making us think narrowly and act less.
Which brain region helps you become aware of your internal bodily states and is associated with negative emotions like disgust?
Insula
Which hormones are triggered in the sympathetic nervous system when you are in distress?
Epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline).
Do these shared emotional categories reflect shared cultural experiences, such as movies and TV? How was it proven?
No, this was proven by Paul Ekman and Wallace Friesen (1971) as they asked people in the U.S and New Guniea to respond to statements to see their expressions.