Emotions
What are the 6 universal (innate) emotions?
anger, sadness, happiness, surprise, disgust and fear
What is the main determinant of decision-making in psychology? (don't overthink this, it's literally in the name of our course)
Cognitive function and ability (Cognition)
What are the two main theories of emotion?
James-Lange Theory of Emotion and the Cannon-Bard Theory of Emotion.
What is another name for the Broca's area?
Anterior Cingulate Gyrus
What is the amygdala in charge of?
Emotions such as fear and anger, and it is critical for conditioned fear responses.
What is the continuous scale by which emotions are classified by?
Valence (pleasantness) and Arousal (intensity) of emotions
Which region of the brain, if harmed, could lead someone to partake in risky or negative behaviors?
the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (DLPFC)
What is the proposed alternative theory of emotional classification? (We used this theory in an asynchronous assignment)
Positive and Negative affect measure (measured by PANAS exam)
Which lobe of the brain are the frontal eye fields in?
Frontal lobe
True or false: the limbic system is visible from a lateral image of the brain.
False.
What two emotions vary between cultures?
Embarrassment and jealousy
Patient SM had Urbach-Wiethe disease. What side effects does this disease lead to?
Patient SM suffered bilateral calcification of her Amygdala. Due to the destruction of her Amygdala, Patient SM does not feel fear.
What does the Vertical Integration Model suggest about emotions?
That emotions are not simply localized to one section of the brain, but rather involve a complex interaction of different brain regions, at different levels.
What is the function of the Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex?
Planning, problem-solving and working memory and helping you stay focused by filtering out distractions.
Where is the Hypothalamus in the brain and what is it responsible for?
It is responsible for maintaining homeostasis by regulating vital functions such as body temperature, hunger, thirst, sleep cycles, and heart rate. The Hypothalamus is located at the base of the brain, below the thalamus.
John sees a truck coming towards him as he's crossing the street with no apparent sign of slowing down. John's heart begins to race and he feels fearful. Which theory of emotions would NOT explain how John is feeling and why?
The James-Lange theory of emotion because it states that a stimulus is introduced, the body has an autonomic response, and then we feel an emotion- in John's case, he experiences both the autonomic response and emotion at once.
What does emotional deregulation look like?
engaging in risky behaviors, lack of emotional awareness, trouble making decisions and avoidance of making difficult decisions.
Lacy is avoiding going to the gym because her ex-boyfriend works at the gym. Which emotional regulation method does Lacy's choice align with?
Lacy's choice aligns with the situational selection method of emotional regulation.
What is the key function of the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and where is it in the frontal lobe of the brain?
The VLPFC is a key area of the brain for higher-order cognitive functions, including response inhibition, working memory, and decision-making. It is located in the lower, side part of the frontal lobe, behind the forehead.
Back to Brad and Chad. As apart of Chad's initiation to the beloved fraternity of Sigma Chi, he must attend a Sigma Chi function. At said function, Chad drank too much apple juice, and Brad took care of him. The next day, Chad had no recollection of the events of the previous night. Which region of Chad's limbic system appears to be impaired?
the hippocampus
Carly is claustrophobic, and needs to have an MRI scan done due to a recent knee injury. When Carly enters the MRI machine, her skin begins to perspire, her mouth dries up, and her heart rate picks up. Based on Carly's symptoms, which nervous system is being activated during this time? (be specific)
The Autonomic Nervous System, SPECIFICALLY the Sympathetic Nervous System (fight-or-flight)
What is a key indicator of someone being unable to recognize fear in others, and how does it impact their actions? (Discussed in Patient SM video)
Not looking at the eyes of others, leading to the lack of fear recognition which can result in peer pressuring others into engaging in risky behaviors because you cannot detect their fear.
Brad and Chad are best friends. Brad and Chad are rushing the same frat. Chad gets a bid from the beloved fraternity of Sigma Chi, while Brad does not. To emotionally cope with the devastation of this outcome, Brad tells himself that maybe this was for the best, and Brad and Chad can spend time apart to meet new people. What emotional regulation method is Brad using here?
Brad is using the emotional regulation method of Cognitive Change (altering his perspective to modify his emotional response to the situation).
Explain the function of the angular gyrus and where it is in the brain.
it is in the parietal lobe of the brain and is responsible for integrating multi-sensory information for complex cognitive functions like language, reading, and number processing. It acts as a cross-modal hub, giving meaning to information from different senses.
thalamus - information relay station of brain
hypothalamus - in charge of homeostasis
Pituitary gland - produces and releases hormones that regulate essential body functions, including growth, metabolism, and reproduction.
Amygdala - regulates emotions such as fear and anger
Hippocampus - forming and storing new long-term memories, especially episodic memories (personal experiences).