Define
What carries oxygen in the blood?
What airway function will have difficulty occurring if the the alveoli are filled with fluid
The red blood cells carry oxygen to the body.
It will be difficult to perform gas exchange.
Why do we give patients Narcan? What are the signs and symptoms?
We give narcan to reverse life-threatening respiratory depression caused by opioids. Titrate to desired effect.
Signs/Symptoms: Respiratory depression (slow, shallow, or absent breathing) Decreased level of consciousness (drowsy → unresponsive) Pinpoint pupils (miosis)
What volume is safe when administering Narcan intranasally?
1 CC in each nostril.
How do we deliver the following medications:
Glucose
EPI
Narcan
Glucose: In the buccal space (area between the cheek and gums)
EPI: On the side of the upper thigh.
Narcan: Intranasally. Use half the dose in each nostril, if possible.
Where is an auto-injector normally placed for best absorption?
Inject into the middle third of the outer thigh. Can go through clothing if necessary.
Define the term lateral recumbent.
Lateral recumbent is a body position in which a patient is lying on either the right or left side.
Who gets a treatment of duodote during a medical emergency and why?
Duodote is administered to first responders. (self and peer) "You can't help others if you are one of the patients."
What question must be asked before any patient takes a medication?
Are you allergic to this medication?
Bonus: What is unique about giving Aspirin.
Are you allergic to aspirin and can you chew and swallow this safely?”
How and when should you use a head tilt chin lift? What does it do?
What would we do if it was a trauma patient?
Use it to open the airway in an unresponsive patient when spinal trauma is NOT suspected.
The head tilt chin lift moves the tongue away from the back of the throat.
For a trauma patient: use a jaw-thrust maneuver for C-spine control.
Where are the following airway structures located?
Trachea:
Epiglottis:
Larynx:
Pharynx:
Epiglottis: Entrance of the Larynx.
Pharynx: Posterior to the nasal and oral cavities.
Trachea: immediately below the vocal cords
Larynx: Voice box in the upper anterior neck, between the pharynx and trachea
Define:
Plasma
Platelets
White blood cells
Red blood cells
Plasma The liquid portion of blood. Transport fluid.
Platelets (Thrombocytes) Cell fragments that help blood clot.
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes) Cells that fight infection.
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) Cells that carry oxygen.
Why do we not apply suction until the rigid catheter is in the patient's mouth?
Having the suction turned on when entering the mouth can cause the tongue to be suctioned.
What is atrovent?
Atrovent is the brand name for ipratropium bromide, an inhaled bronchodilator.
Relaxes smooth muscle in the airways.
Decreases bronchospasm
Reduces mucus production
How do you measure an oral and a nasopharyngeal airway to be used as an airway adjunct?
Oral airway: You measure by holding it alongside the patient’s face from the corner of the mouth to the angle to the earlobe.
Nasopharyngeal airway: Measuring from the side of the nose to the earlobe.
What do the following prefex's represent?
dys
pnea
hypo
tachy
dys : Difficult, painful, or abnormal. ex: dyspnea=labored breathing.
pnea: Breathing. ex: Apnea = no breathing.
hypo: Below normal. ex: Hypoxia = low oxygen.
tachy: Fast ex: Tachycardia = fast heart rate
What system includes the:
Ovaries
Spinal cord
Bile
Ovaries: Reproductive
Spinal cord: Central Nervous System
Bile: Digestive
What happens when someone is 'snoring'.
The tongue can be partially blocking the airway. Person can lay on their side or become a victim of a head tilt chin lift.
What are the medical term: indication and contraindication?
Indication: A medical reason to give a patient treatment and/or medication.
Contraindication: A reason NOT to give a treatment or medication. It is a condition or factor that makes giving the medication/treatment unsafe.
How can you get a better seal and ventilations when getting a good seal is difficult?
Have one rescuer holds the mask with both hands using the EC technique. The other rescuer squeezes the bag. This technique is often more effective than one-person BVM ventilation.
Where are the following components first taken in a patient assessment?
Vital Signs
Breath Sounds
LOC
Vital Signs: Secondary
Breath Sounds: Primary
LOC: Primary
Tidal Volume for an
adult
child
Tidal Volume
Adult: 500 mL per breath
Child: 7 mL/kg Varies by size — always think weight-based, not age-based.
Why must a responder be very careful when assessing an airway?
Including the actual act of breathing, a rescuer much look for the normal rate and depth of their breathing.
What is the liter flow of the following airway devices?
Nasal cannula:
Non-rebreather mask:
BVM (bag-valve-mask):
Nasal cannula: 1–6 L/min. Delivers approximately 24–44% oxygen
BVM (bag-valve-mask): 15-25 L/min. Provides close to 100% oxygen when attached to a reservoir and high-flow O₂. Used for patients with inadequate or absent respirations
How does our body know when to take a breath?
When the carbon dioxide level is too high.
You are on a call and the medication you need to give has expired. What do you do?
Ask for assistance from another unit who might have the medication that is not expired.