Pharmacology
Nitroglycerin: Indication(s) & Dosage
Indication: Cardiac chest pain related to Angina or Myocardial Infarction
Dosage: 0.4 mg sublingual tablet or spray (may give up to 3 doses in the prehospital setting)
Patella
Knee
Midclavicular
Referring to the middle of the clavicle on the anterior portion of body.
What size King tube would you use for a 5'9" adult?
Size 4, Red Top King Tube
What is the normal range for a Blood Glucose level?
80mg/dL-120mg/dL
What MDI medication is an EMT-B able to administer & their indications?
Albuterol: Bronchospasms, SOB, wheezing, airway constriction. Typically used in asthmatic patients for bronchodilation benefits.
Difference between ligaments & tendons?
Ligaments connect bone to bone while tendons connect muscle to bone.
Posturing: Types & medical emergency that causes it?
Decorticate: Patient is stiffened w/ bent arms, clenches fists that are facing TOWARD their body/core.
Decerebrate: Extended extremities w/ hyperreflexia of lower limbs. Hands & neck tend to flex AWAY from their body/core.
Each indicate brain damage w/ decerebrate indicating a more severe prognosis.
How do you measure an NP airway adjunct?
Measure from the tip of patient's nose to their earlobe.
SAMPLE
S- Signs/Symptoms
A- Allergies
M- Medications
P- Past Medical Hx
L- Last Oral Intake
E- Events Leading To
Contraindications for administering Oral Glucose?
Any patient that is unable to maintain patency of their own airway. This poses a very large aspiration risk.
Where are there Pivot Joints in the human body?
Neck & wrists
Epistaxis
Nose bleed
Describe how a patient can visibly present in respiratory distress.
-Skin color (cyanosis, diaphoresis)
-Tripod Position
-1-2 word sentences
-Belly breathing (typically in pediatrics)
-Intercostal retraction
-Nare flaring (typically in pediatrics)
- Pursed lips
Describe possible signs & symptoms that a patient may present w/ if they are having a stroke?
Slurred speech, facial droop, HTN, unilateral weakness.
Describe the activation of the sympathetic nervous system with the administration of epinephrine.
Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system will cause bronchodilation, vasoconstriction, increased heart rate and contractile force, and increased respiratory rate. Kicks in the compensatory mechanisms to handle hypoperfusion.
Cricoid Cartilage
Cartilage that forms a ring around the trachea
Periorbital Ecchymosis
Also known as "Raccoon Eyes"
Bilateral bruising to both eyes
Possibly indicates a brain or skull injury
Contraindication for inserting an OP airway adjunct?
If the patient still has a gag reflex (vomiting risk)
How to determine if my patient is now in DECOMPENSATED shock?
Their BP will rapidly drop, and pulse and respirations may decline as well.
What is an Epi-Pen concentration, dosage(s) & their indications?
Concentration: Epi 1:1,000: indicated for anaphylaxis to combat respiratory distress (IM in deltoid or quadriceps)
Dosage: 0.15 mg for pediatric patients and 0.3 mg for adult patients IM injection to quadriceps
Indication(s): indicated for anaphylaxis to combat respiratory distress
Xiphoid Process
Lowest part of the sternum
Jaundice
Yellowing of the skin or eyes that typically indicates liver failure or cirrhosis
Describe PEEP?
Positive End-Expiratory Pressure
Positive pressure that remains in the airway after exhalation. Said pressure is greater than the atmospheric pressure, which allows alveoli to remain inflated. This can ensure adequate oxygenation & can mitigate Atelectasis.
If you respond to a patient w/ chest pain... list 3 BLS interventions/skills/etc that can be done
O2
ASA (assisted)
Position of comfort
General assessment (sick or not sick)
Nitro (assisted)