Heart Attack
What happens during a heart attack?
Blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle, resulting in the death of part of a heart muscle because of tissue death
There is a problem with the heart's ________ system
Electrical
CPR long form?
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
What color is arterial blood and why?
Bright red, because it is oxygenated
In body temp, what is the difference between "hyperthermia" and "hypothermia"?
Hyperthermia: body temperature 104°F (40°C) or above
Hypothermia: body temperature of 95°F (35°C) or lower
Name 3 symptoms of a heart attack
Discomfort, pressure, heaviness, or pain in your chest or arm or below your breastbone
Discomfort that goes into your back, jaw, throat, or arm
Fullness, indigestion, or a choking feeling (it may feel like heartburn)
Sweating, upset stomach, vomiting or dizziness
Severe weakness, anxiety, fatigue, or shortness of breath
Fast or uneven heartbeat
Main symptom in men and main symptom in women?
Men- chest pain
Women- shortness of breath
CPR Purpose?
Keep oxygenated blood flowing to the brain and other crucial organs until normal heart rhythm is restored
What is classified as an "open fracture"?
When the skin breaks open
Name 3 pulse sites and point to them
Temporal
Carotid
Apical
Radial
Brachial
Femoral
Pedal
Posterior Tibial
Popliteal
Another name for a heart attack?
Myocardial Infarction
What machine can be used and if it cannot be found, what should be done?
AED , CPR
Adult CPR Rate (compressions to breaths)
and how many inches down?
30:2
and 2 - 2.4 inches down
3 symptoms of someone in shock?
Pale or ashen skin
Cool, clammy skin
Bluish tinge to lips or fingernails (or gray in the case of dark complexions)
Rapid pulse
Rapid breathing
Nausea or vomiting
Enlarged pupils
Weakness or fatigue
Dizziness or fainting
Changes in mental status or behavior, such as anxiousness or agitation
Normal respirations range and time they should be counted for if they are ABNORMAL?
60 seconds
Name 2 types of preventions/treatments OR 1 prevention/treatment with an explanation
Medications/ Drug Therapy
prevent blood clots, help your heart work better, treat an uneven heartbeat, lower your blood pressure; control chest pains
Cardiac Catheterization
used for procedures to open narrowed or blocked arteries
Bypass surgery
days after a heart attack to restore the blood supply to your heart
Name 2 preventions/treatments?
Echocardiogram
Nuclear Scan
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
Compression rate for babies with 2 rescuers and how many fingers?
15:2
2-3 fingers
Name a type of bleeding and the way it exits the body?
Arterial- in spurts
Venous- steadily
Capillary- steadily
Blood pressure-
Normal range and Systolic vs Diastolic
120/80
SYSTOLIC PRESSURE(heart contraction;top number): 90 - 120mm Hg
DIASTOLIC PRESSURE(heart rest;bottom number): 60 - 80mm Hg
Name a TYPE of heart attack and what happens during it
ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
(severe and requires immediate attention; coronary artery is fully blocked)
Non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
(coronary artery is partially blocked and blood flow is severely restricted; cause permanent damage)
Coronary artery spasm
(referred “silent heart attacks”; arteries connected to the heart contract)
What is the purpose of an Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator?
A small device placed in the chest that shocks the heart if it develops a dangerous irregular heartbeat
3 situations in which CPR can be stopped?
Person is revived and begins to breathe on their own
Paramedics take over
Own life is in danger: surroundings, or physical exhaustion
Pulse returns (rescue breaths should still be given every 5-6 sec if person is still unconscious)
AED is found and ready to use
Name a category of a neurological assessment and what is done during it?
Mental status: Ask the patient where they are, their name and year. As they talk, observe for clear speech
Motor function and balance: Have the patient push and pull against your hands with their arms/legs.
Sensory exam: Use your fingers to gently touch their arms and leg to see if they can feel it
Coordination check: Ask patient to walk in a straight line, or tap their nose with their eyes closed