Resuscitation
What is the single most important factor in determining survival from cardiac arrest?
Early CPR
the name of an adventitious upper airway sound
stridor/ crowing
your patient presents with Beck's triad. What is this a sign of?
daily double: name the components of beck's triad
cardiac tamponade
(*muffled heart tones, distended neck veins, decreased pulse pressure)
What is the first medication that should be administered to a patient experiencing chest pain with difficulty breathing?
Oxygen
You have been called to a nursing home, where you find an 88yo F who is confused and combative. the staff states this is not her normal behavior but that she has been bedridden from a previous stroke. they also report she has had a recent UTI from a foley catheter. Her skin is flushed and warm, pulse 108, and bp 80/44, you should suspect:
Septic Shock/ Distributive shock
Your patient was pulseless, but had a return of spontaneous pulses after one shock from the AED. Before transport, you notice that the patient is again unresponsive. you should next:
Check the pulse
Where is pain in the gallbladder often felt if not the stomach?
right shoulder
The catcher at a baseball game is struck on the fron t of his head by a thrown bat. he sustains a cerebral bruise on the front of his brain but also has a contusion on the back of his brain. the bruise on the back of his brain is called a(n):
Contrecoup injury
What does the abbreviation "PO" stand for?
daily double: name a medication in EMT-B scope of practice administered PO
per oral
by mouth
(*Aspirin)
If a patient in shock is able to maintain perfusion, then this is:
Compensated Shock
What two heart rhythms can an AED defibrillate
Ventricular Fibrillation (VF, Vfib)
Ventricular Tachycardia (VT, Vtach)
What is the defining symptom between respiratory distress and respiratory failure?
Altered mental status
name the signs in cushing's triad
hypertension (widening pulse pressures)
bradycardia
irregular respirations (cheyne-stokes)
What is the Correct dose for SL Nitroglycerin
0.4mg
Your patient is a 49yo F with complaints of SOB and generalized weakness. on examination, you note "crackles", pedal edema, and difficulty in breathing while laying down (orthopnea). When she is sitting up she is lightheaded and has low blood pressure. you would classify her shock as:
Cardiogenic shock
below what heart rate should you start CPR in an neonate?
daily double: what is the leading cause of bradycardia in neonates?
60bpm
(*hypoxia)
What signs and symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy are potentially life threatening?
internal bleeding
(the embryo ruptures the fallopian tube)
name 2 components of the trauma diamond of death
daily double: name 4
hypothermia
acidosis
coagulopathy
hypocalcemia (low calcium levels)
name the 5 rights of medication administration
right patient
right time
right dose
right route
right medication
What vessels does the vital exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste take place?
capillaries
name two signs that are associated with obvious death
rigor mortis
dependent lividity
incineration
submersion >6 hours
injuries incompatable with life (decapitation)
a confused 80yo F has left sided weakness. she can identify her husband and follow commands but is unaware of current events. her vitals were p 70, RR14, BP 142/74, SPO2 of 99%RA, and BGL 53mg/dL. you should:
administer oral glucose
The process by which the brain is compressed toward and through the foramen magnum is known as:
Herniation
a 64 yo M is having an asthma attack. Albuterol is a bronchodilator that is in what class of medication that will help with his alveolar ventilation?
Beta 2 agonist
all types of shock involve:
inadequate tissue perfusion/ hypoperfusion