Oxygenation
A patient who is suspected of being hypoxic and is breathing adequately should be given supplemental oxygen with a:
Nonrebreathing mask
An oxygen cylinder should be taken out of service and refilled when the pressure inside it is less than:
100, 500, 750, 1000
500 psi.
Irregular respirations characterized by an increasing rate and depth of breathing followed by periods of apnea are called:
Cheyne-Stokes respirations, eupneic respirations, agonal respirations, ataxic respirations.
Cheyne-Stokes respirations.
What is the MOST common cause of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?
The tongue
Which of the following patients is breathing adequately?
A conscious female with facial cyanosis and rapid, shallow respirations.
A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin.
A conscious male with respirations of 18 breaths/min and reduced tidal volume.
An unconscious 52-year-old female with snoring respirations and cool, pale skin
A conscious male with respirations of 19 breaths/min and pink skin
With a good mask-to-face seal and an oxygen flow rate of 15 L/min, the nonrebreathing mask can deliver up to ______% inspired oxygen.
70, 80, 90, or 100
90
The pressure of gas in a full cylinder of oxygen is approximately _______ pounds per square inch (psi).
500, 1000, 2000, 3000
2000
An alert patient presents with a regular pattern of inhalation and exhalation and breath sounds that are clear and equal on both sides of the chest. These findings are consistent with:
An obstructed airway.
Adequate air exchange.
Respiratory difficulty.
Respiratory insufficiency.
Adequate air exchange.
Which of the following structures is NOT found in the upper airway?
Larynx, Pharynx, Bronchus, Oropharynx
Bronchus
Which of the following is a late sign of hypoxia?
Anxiety, Cyanosis, Tachycardia, Restlessness.
Cyanosis
Gas exchange in the lungs is facilitated by:
Adequate amounts of surfactant.
Water or blood within the alveoli.
Surfactant-destroying organisms.
Pulmonary capillary constriction.
Adequate amounts of surfactant
In what area of the lungs does respiration occur?
Alveoli, Trachea , Bronchi , Capillaries
Alveoli
Asthma is caused by a response of the:
immune system.
endocrine system.
respiratory system.
cardiovascular system.
Immune system.
Structures of the lower airway include all of the following, EXCEPT:
Alveoli, trachea, epiglottis, bronchioles.
epiglottis
Which of the following factors will cause a reduction in minute volume in an adult?
Shallow breathing, Increased tidal volume, Respirations of 20 breaths/min., Slight increase in respiratory rate.
Shallow breathing
The hypoxic drive is influenced by:
High blood oxygen levels.
Low blood oxygen levels.
Low blood carbon dioxide levels.
High blood carbon dioxide levels.
Low blood oxygen levels.
The two processes that occur during respiration are:
ventilation and diffusion.
inspiration and expiration.
diffusion and oxygenation.
oxygenation and ventilation.
Inspiration and expiration.
Which of the following is MOST characteristic of adequate breathing?
22 breaths/min with an irregular pattern of breathing and cyanosis.
20 breaths/min with shallow movement of the chest wall and pallor.
24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin.
30 breaths/min with supraclavicular retractions and clammy skin.
24 breaths/min with bilaterally equal breath sounds and pink skin.
Which of the following conditions would be LEAST likely to result in hypoxia?
Pleural effusion, Severe anxiety, Pulmonary edema, Narcotic overdose.
Severe anxiety
Dyspnea is MOST accurately defined as:
shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
a complete cessation of respiratory effort.
a marked increase in the exhalation phase.
labored breathing with reduced tidal volume.
Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing.
A conscious and alert 29-year-old female with a history of asthma complains of difficulty breathing that began after her morning jog. The temperature outside is 40°F (5°C). On exam, you hear bilateral expiratory wheezing. After providing supplemental oxygen, you should:
Place her in a recumbent position to facilitate breathing.
Contact medical control and administer an antihistamine.
Call medical control and ask how to proceed with treatment.
Determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.
Determine if she has been prescribed a beta-agonist inhaler.
In order for efficient pulmonary gas exchange to occur:
the percentage of inhaled carbon dioxide must exceed the percentage of inhaled oxygen.
there must be low quantities of pulmonary surfactant to allow for full alveolar expansion.
the pulmonary capillaries must be completely constricted and the alveoli must be collapsed.
oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar–capillary membrane.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide must be able to freely diffuse across the alveolar–capillary membrane.
At the onset of an acute asthma attack, patients commonly experience difficulty breathing and:
Audible stridor, rales & rhonchi, profound cyanosis, expiratory wheezing.
Audible stridor.
When assessing for fluid collection in the lungs during auscultation of lung sounds, you should:
Note the presence of a high-pitched whistling sound, which is an indicator of fluid in the lungs.
Pay special attention to the exhalation phase because this is when you will likely hear rales or rhonchi.
Auscultate the posterior chest first and compare the apex of one lung to the base of the opposite lung.
Start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds.
Start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds.
When assessing for fluid collection in the lungs during auscultation of lung sounds, you should:
Note the presence of a high-pitched whistling sound, an indicator of fluid in the lungs.
Pay special attention to the exhalation phase because this is when you will likely hear rales or rhonchi.
Auscultate the posterior chest first and compare the apex of one lung to the base of the opposite lung.
Start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you start hearing clear breath sounds.
Start at the lower lung fields and determine at which level you hear clear breath sounds.