Airway-Respirations, and Ventilation
Glasgow Coma Scale
What is the GCS of someone fully conscious?
Fully unconscious?
456
111
What is the primary cause of cardiac emergencies in adult patients?
A. Congenital issues
B. Poor lifestyle behaviors
C. Vegetation diets
D. Genetic predisposition
B.
Most cardiac emergencies in adult patients result from poor lifestyle behaviors, such as diets high in processed foods and trans fats, smoking, high stress, sedentary behaviors, and obesity.
What needs to occur BEFORE a Secondary Assessment is performed?
Takes place after the critical issues discovered from the primary assessments (ABC) have been addressed and the patient has been relatively stabilized.
OPQRST
Onset
Provokes
Quality
Radiates
Severity
Time
How do you treat an Emancipated Minor differently than a non emancipated minors?
Pulmonary Embolism
A blockage in the pulmonary arteries
What is an AED?
What does it stand for?
An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) detects ventricular cardiac arrhythmias and delivers electrical stimulation that resets the cardiac rythym.
What is a tourniquet used for?
Used to stop the flow of blood through a vein or an artery, typically by compressing a limb with a cord, belt, or strap
SAMPLE
Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events leading up to incident
What should you do if the patient refuses care?
The EMT should assess if the individual refusing care is mentally and physically competent to make this decision and understands the possible significance of refusing care. If the patient refuses care after being informed of the risks, the EMT must document the refusal and obtain a signature from the patient or witness. If the patient refuses to sign, the EMT must also document this refusal.
ABC's of first-responder treatment
-Airway: ensure the physical air passage is clear enough to allow for oxygenation and ventilation
-Breathing: ensure the patient is breathing autonomously or with the help of oxygen therapy.
-Circulation: ensure adequate blood circulation by monitoring the pulse, controlling bleeding, or performing CPR
What are arteries and what do they carry/which direction, in relation to the heart, do they carry it?
Oxygenated blood away from the heart
What should you do if you arrive on scene first
Make sure the scene is safe.
How does diabetes affect the body? What area does it affect?
The body's inability to metabolize glucose, caused by an insufficient supply or utilization of insulin.
What should EMTs do if a scene is not safe?
A. EMTs should render care even if they suspect a scene is not safe for entry.
B.EMTs should render care once they notify local law enforcement.
C. EMTs should render care once they activate additional emergency services from surrounding towns.
D. EMTs have the right to not enter a scene that appears to be unsafe.
D. EMTs have the right to not enter a scene that appears to be unsafe for them or the patient, or a scene that might cause harm to others.
Normal Respiration in healthy adults
12 to 16 breaths per minute
Capillaries: assist in carrying both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to their final destination and are involved in gas and nutrient exchange at the tissue level.
DCAP BLS TIC
Deformities
Contusions
Abrasions
Punctures
Burns
Lacerations
Secretions
Tenderness
Instability
Crepitis
What is a breech delivery?
The buttocks of the baby are shown at crowning instead of the head, putting the infant at great risk of trauma.
How frequently should EMT's assess vehicle readiness?
I. Daily
II. After emergency care is provided
III. Only as needed
A. Choice I only
B. Choice II only
C. Choice III only
D. Choices I and II
Daily and After emergency care is provided
What is pulse oximetry?
A quick, easy, and cost-effective method of measure and monitoring a patient's oxygen saturation levels.
What are the inferior and superior vena cava?
They are the two largest veins in the circulatory system and the final collection point for deoxygenated blood. Inferior collects deoxygenated blood from the lower extremities of the body. Superior collects deoxygenated blood from the upper extremities.
What are the types of chest sounds?
Wheezing
Crackles
Rhonchi
Extra credit: stridor
What technique must happen after childbirth to catalyze the birth of the placenta?
Fundal massage
Describe a situation where you would need reasonable force.
EMT's may use force to manage or control a disorderly or violent patient to prevent injury or harm to the patient, other emt staff, or others on the scene