Scene Size-Up
This is defined as the force that produced the injury, its intensity, and direction
What is mechanism of injury?
Finding this will lead to your primary assessment being more aggressive because of a higher potential for life-threatening problems, including vomitus or secretions in the airway and the need for ventilation.
What is altered mental status?
The frequency of reassessing a patient's primary assessment, pertinent history and secondary exam findings, and treatments/interventions administered
What are 5 minutes for unstable patients and 15 minutes for stable patients?
The primary function of nitroglycerin when administered to a patient
What is dilate coronary vessels?
The recommended compression rate for CPR on adults, children, and infants per minute
What is 100-120 compressions per minute?
This is defined as maintaining the awareness there may be other injuries
What is index of suspicion?
Name the two patient positions that indicate obvious signs of distress
What are the tripod position and Levine's sign?
The three primary techniques utilized during the physical assessment
What are observe, auscultate, palpate?
The primary action of epinephrine in treating anaphylaxis
What is constrict blood vessels and relax airway passages?
A portable device that checks the heart rhythm and can send an electric shock to the heart to try to restore a normal rhythm
What is an Automatic External Defibrillator (AED)?
Name the three primary means of determining a patient's nature of illness
What are the patient, family members or bystanders, and the scene?
Name the two maneuvers to open the airway
Head-tilt, chin-lift and jaw-thrust maneuver
The secondary assessment is based on these three elements.
What are physical examination, vital signs, and patient history?
Name the 9 Rights to medication administration and assistance
What are:
1. Right patient
2. Right medication
3. Right route of administration
4. Right dose
5. Right time/indication
6. Right documentation
7. Right education
8. Right response
9. Right to refuse
The three key features identified in the primary assessment of a cardiac arrest patient
What are unresponsiveness, apnea (absence of breathing), and absence of pulse?
Name the five sources of potential violence
What are:
1. Fighting or loud voices
2. Weapons visible or in use
3. Signs of alcohol or other drug use
4. Unusual silence
5. Knowledge of prior violence
During the primary assessment, what are the only three possible results of the pulse check that you'll be looking for?
Within normal limits, unusually fast, unusually slow
Name all components of DCAP-BTLS
What are:
D: Deformities, distension
C: Contusions, crepitation
A: Abrasions, avulsions
P: Punctures, penetrations
B: Burns, bruising
T: Tenderness
L: Lacerations
S: Swelling
Name eight vital signs that can be measured by BLS providers with concrete numbers:
What are pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate, pupils, GCS, blood glucose, temperature, and pulse oximetry?
The condition where the heart's electrical system fails completely and no electricity is created
What is asystole?
The five (or six) components of scene size-up
What are:
1. Checking scene safety
2. Taking standard precautions
3. Noting the MOI/NOI
4. Determining number of patients
5. Requesting additional resources
6. Consideration of cervical spine precautions
Name all aspects of each component of the ABCs that are assessed during the primary assessment.
A: Is the airway open? Is the airway patent?
B: Is the patient breathing? Is the breathing adequate?
C: Does the patient have a pulse? What is the skin CTC? What is the capillary refill time? Is there any gross major bleeding?
The four ongoing treatments that may be continuous throughout the duration of a patient transport that will need ongoing reassessment
What are oxygen administration, bleeding control, spinal motion restriction, and splinting?
This is defined as a testing method that tells us indirectly how well the tissues are using oxygen (and performing other physiologic functions) by measuring the amount of carbon dioxide exhaled, called end-tidal carbon dioxide, or ETCO2.
What is capnography?
The primary cause of sudden cardiac arrest
What are dysrhythmias like ventricular fibrillation (v-fib) or ventricular tachycardia (v-tach)?