Preparatory
There are how many sets of ribs?
12 pairs, 2 of these are "floating ribs"
List 3 sources of information when obtaining or clarifying the nature of illness for a medical patient.
The patient, the family/ friends, or bystanders/ observers at the scene.
What is the purpose of the primary assessment?
Identify and correct life or death threats.
An EMT's scope of practice within their local response area is defined by...
Medical Director
What does the abbreviation CNS stand for?
Central Nervous System
Which Hepatitis is spread through the oral- fecal route?
Hepatitis A
How far away should you stay from downed power lines?
At LEAST 2 spans (3 poles) away from the downed lines
List the 4 elements of the "A" or airway portion of the primary assessment.
1. Open the airway and assure it remains open
2. Examine the airway for obstructions
3. Suction
4. Oral or nasal airway insertion
What form of consent is given by an unresponsive patient?
Implied
If a patient's blood vessels VASODILATE, what do they do?
Increase the size of the vessel, which reduces blood pressure
What is the difference between on-line and off-line medical direction?
On-line medical direction requires actual contact with a physician (phone, radio). Off-line does not (written protocols)
What is Newton's First Law of Motion and how does it impact mechanism of injury?
Objects in motion stay in motion unless acted on by an outside force. A car hits an object but the person inside the car will remain in motion until they are stopped by something (seat belt, windshield). The organs will also keep moving until they strike somewhere else in the body.
How long should you preform a carotid pulse check on an unresponsive patient?
No more than 10 seconds
What are the 4 requirements to prove negligence?
1. Duty to act.
2. Breach of that duty.
3. Actual harm done to the patient.
4. The harm was caused by the action or inaction of the EMT (proximate cause)
What is a catecholamine?
Chemical substances involved in the body's response to stress. (Epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine)
The primary response to stress involves which nervous system?
Sympathetic N.S.- (fight/ flight)
According to the American College of Surgeons trauma triage guidelines, what distance is considered a significant fall in an adult patient?
10 feet. (for ALL ages, per ACOS)
Where would you preform a pulse check on an infant?
Brachial artery
As an EMT, the performance of your duties will be compared to that of...
Another EMT.
You can NOT be held to a standard higher than that which you are trained and certified/ licensed to.
What does it mean when the body is acidotic?
Blood pH is less than 7.35 (elevation of hydrogen ions)
The large bone in the thigh...
Femur
What are the 5 main components of the scene size up?
1. Scene safety/ BSI
2. Mechanism of Injury/ Nature of Illness
3. Number of patients
4. Resource determination/ ALS backup
5. Consider c-spine stabilization
5. C-spine
List the 6 steps of the primary assessment.
1. General impression of the patient.
2. Mental status.
3. Airway.
4. Breathing.
5. Circulation.
6. Transport decision
In many states, a minor may be treated as an adult for the purpose of consenting to or refusing medical treatment if the minor:
1. Is self supporting and lives by themselves (emancipated)
2. A pregnant female minor
3. Is currently serving in the U.S. military
4. Is legally married
What is the difference between respiration and ventilation?
Respiration: gas exchange in the body
Ventilation: physical act of moving air in and out