Information Processing
The processing of taking in information to memorize
What is encoding?
The level of processing approach that is used to process sensory information.
What is shallow processing?
The experimental study that defined the levels-of-processing approach
What is Craik & Lockhart (1972)?
The feature in deep level processing that allows an individual to differentiate a stimulus from previous memories
What is distinctiveness?
You are clearly able to differntiate two memories because of a different stimulus within each memory. The form of deep level processing that allows for the separation of memories is __________
What is distinctiveness?
The research study that had participants memorize a list of words by processing them in one of the following forms: visual, acoustic, semantic, and self-referencing
What is Rogers et al. (1977)?
The feature in deep level processing that allows an individual to connect and relate stimulus with previous information
What is elaboration?
When associating a pair of words like "horse" and "boat", you will think of a horse riding a boat which would help you remember the word pairing better. This is form of ______
What is elaboration?
The research study that had participants listen to a set of words and were told to do one of the following: visualize the object or visualize themselves using the object. Most participants unconsciously processed the information using self-referencing
What is Foley et al. (1999)?
The phenomenon that allows individuals to remember more information when they relate the information to themselves
What is self-reference effect?
When preparing for an exam, it is recommended that you mimic the testing environment when you are studying the material to help you recall the information better. The principle responsible for this phenomenon is called _______
What is encoding specificity principle?
Name the experimental psychologists responsible for conducting a series of experiments to better understand the complexity of encoding long-term memory information in the prefrontal cortex
What is Prefrontal cortex and long-term memory encoding: An integrative review of findings form neuropsychology and neuroimaging by Robert S. Blumfeld and Charan Ranganath?
(Blumfeld & Ranganath, 2007)
The phenomenon when an individual can recall information better during retrieval when in a similar environment as the information was encoded.
What is encoding specificity principle?
You are having a hard time memorizing some material for an upcoming biology exam while other material was easily memorized. You were able to successfully memorize all the phenotypic components of a rose because it is your favorite flower but struggled to memorize the phenotypic components of a sunflower. The phenomenon responsible for the easy memorization of the phenotypic componenets a rose is ________
What is self-reference effect?
Name the experimental psychologist that used positron emission tomography (PET) to study the neurological pathways in participants when trying to memorize a list of words and then recall them
What is the Novelty assessment in the brain and long-term memory encoding by Endel Tulving and Neal Kroll?
(Tulving & Kroll, 1995)