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How did the Agricultural Revolution change the food supply?
People werre able to produce more food than hunter-foragers and support denser populations.
Which region is considered the geographic origin of humans?
East Africa
What was the purpose of the earliest transportation networks?
to trade surplus goods with other settlements
Why did rulers establish a system of weights and measures?
to regulate economic transactions within the areas they ruled
How did Hatshepsut's reign increase Egypt's wealth?
She encouraged trade with Arabia, East Africa, and Phonecia.
How did the Agricultural Revolution change work?
The people could specialize, or do different jobs, besides farming.
How did early humans migrate from Asia to North America?
They crossed an exposed land bridge formed during the ice ages between what is now Russia and Alaska.
What was the main technological advance contributed to Bronze Age civilizations being able to grow surpluses, or extra food?
ox-drawn plow
Why did Assyrian kings divided their empire into provinces governed by officials?
Because it made ruling the empire easier to manage with other officials reponsible for taxes and implementing laws.
How did Thutmose III and Ramses II make Egypt more powereful during the New Kingdom?
The conquered land to the south and northeast.
How did the Agricultural Revolution change societies?
1. People grew crops and raise animals for food 2. people to move into cities 3. an increase in human population
What is one thing we can infer about the animals, incliuding a giant bull, painted on the cave walls of prehistoric Lascaux?
They viewed animals as very important to their lives.
How were ancient civilizations in Mesoamerica similar to the first four river valley civilizations?
Farming led to food surpluses and trade.
What is true of both Hammurabi's code and the United States justice system?
A person cannot be found guilty of a crime without evidence.
In what way did the relocation of the capital to Meroe advance industry in Kush?
Meroe was farther from the cataracts on the Nile River.
What are the seven characteristics of civilizations?
large population centers, monumental architecture, unique art styles, shared communication strategies, systems for administering territories, a complex division of labor, and the division of people into social and economic classes
What were stone Neolithic axes used for?
clearing land, cutting wood to build structures, self-defense if needed
What two causes explain the global transfer of crops from the places they are grown?
trade and migration
What was the relationship between Carthage and the Phoenicians?
Carthage was a Phonecian colony and trading post.
By studying astronomy, the ancient Egyptians contributed to our understanding of what?
cardinal directions and a 12-month calendar
What made Southwest Asia a good place to build agricultural settlements?
Irrigation and agriculture developed here because of the fertile soil found near the Tigris, the Euphrates, as well as the Nile River which regularly flooded the region and provided a source of boat transportation.
What was the geography of the land where humans bulit the first civilizations?
They developed in fertile river valleys.
Ancient and modern cities developed near rivers for what two reasons?
access to freshwater and transportation
IN what way were the religious practices of the anicnet river civilizations the same?
They built temples to honor many gods and goddesses.
Kush was an important transfer point for goods from central African kingdoms, especially...
woods, animal skins, and ivory
Why did human society become more complex during the Neolithic Revolution?
Farming and management of resources required intricate social organization and planning.
What impact did ancient populations have on ecosystems?
They used the resouces from the ecosystems where they lived to farm and build cities.
Why did a merchant class develop?
Surpluses led to specialization and the development of the merchant class.
The Egyptians developed technologies such as the shadoof - what was it used for?
irrigate fields during dry months
In what way were the fall of the Egyptian kingdom and the fall of the Kushite kingdom similar?
They were defeated by invaders.
Unlike most other societies in the ancient Mediterranean world, the Israelites...
...believed in only one God.
How did the Israelites adapt to the environment of Canaan?
They farmed on terraced fields to prevent erosion.
What was one thing that made it difficult for the Israelites to secure a homeland?
They were surrounded by large and powerful empires.
Synogogues became the center of Jewish worship after...
...70 C.E.
In what way did rabbis play an important role in maintaining the Jewish faith?
They were leaders who taught the Torah and provided moral guidance.
Unlike the Sadducees, the Zealots believed...
...that Jews should fight the Romans for their freedom.
What is the significance of the Talmud in Judaism?
It is used in religious instruction and is the authority on Jewish law.