Water
What are the four emergent properties of water?
1. Cohesion Adhesion
2. Expansion Upon Freezing
3. Stabilization of temperature
4. Versatility as a Solvent
Electronegativity is affected by an atom's [...] and [...].
1. Nuclear charge (more protons=more electronegative)
2. Size of the atom (greater distance from the nucleus= less electronegative)
How many protons, neurons, and electrons does carbon have?
6 of each
As hydrogen concentration increases, the pH [...] and as hydroxide concentration increases, the pH[....].
1. decreases
2. increases
What are the two types of isomers?
Structural/constitutional isomers and stereoisomers
What happens to the structure of water molecules as it drops in temperature?
Molecules form a crystal lattice structure, causing stable hydrogen bonds.
What type of bond forms when two atoms of the same or different elements share similar electronegativity? (e- shared equally)
Non-polar covalent bonds
Why is carbon so special?
It is tetravalent (always forms 4 covalent bonds).
What is the pOH of a solution that has a pH of 9?
5
What kind of isomer has the same molecular formula and differ in the arrangement of bonds?
Structural/constitutional isomers
What does stabilization of temperature mean in regards to water?
It means water can absorb a lot of heat en energy before it changes temperature.
What type of bond forms when electrons are transferred allowing us to get anions and cations?
Ionic Bond
What kind of molecule is this?
An unbranched hydrocarbon
How many grams of NaOH do you need to make 1L of 2M solution? (MW=40 g/mol)
80 g
What is an example enantiomers importance in the pharmaceutical industry that we learned in class?
-Children missing limbs due to mothers being treated with a medication that supposedly treated nausea.
- Effective enantiomer being used as a medication (asthma and ibuprofen)
Cohesion is the attraction of water molecules to [.....] as adhesion is the attraction of water molecules to [.....].
1. each other
2. other molecules
What kind of bound is found between complementary base pairs in DNA? What kind of bond is this?
1. Hydrogen bonds
2. Weak Chemical bonds
Which of the following is true carbon? (multiple answers)
A. It is seen in all macromolecules
B. It is highly electronegative
C. It is seen in high abundance in the atmosphere
D. It can form both polar and non polar bonds
A & B
What is the pH of a solution that has [OH-] of 1.0E-2?
pH=12
Cis isomers has the R group on [....] while trans isomers have the R group on [....].
1. On the same side of the double bond.
2. On different sides of the double bond.
What are three things that water's unique properties affect?
1. personality
2. chemical properties
3. relationships
All compounds are not molecules but all molecules are compounds, true or false?
False
Compound: A substance consisting of two or more different elements.
Molecule: A substance that consists of two or more atoms (may or may not be the same).
Is the following compound chiral or achiral?
achiral
What is the molarity of a 500 mL solution made from 186.5g of KCl? (MW=74.55 g/mol)
5M
Enantiomers are superimposable images that must have 4 different groups bonded to a chiral carbon. (T/F)
False