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Lab
Enzymes
Carbohydrates
Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic Acids
Chemical Bonding
100
In the Paperclipase lab, what was the enzyme? The substrate? Where was the active site?
Enzyme-hands substrate-paper clips active site-where fingers made contact with paperclips
100
What is a catalyst?
increases rate of chemical reaction
100
Name two functions of carbohydrates.
short term energy structural support cellular recognition
100
DNA is an example of which of the macromolecules?
Nucleic acid
100
What kind of bond is present in the following: H20? How do you know?
covalent between two nonmetals
200
For the virtual lab, water was one of the substances that was tested for each of the macromolecules. Knowing what we know about water, why do you think water was used in all of the tests?
It was the negative control
200
what does it mean when we say that an enzyme has an optimum temperature or pH?
temperature or other condition in which the enzyme functions best.
200
what is the monomer of carbohydrates? What do we call a string of monomers bonded together?
monosaccharide; polysaccharide
200
This macromolecule contains an amine group in its structure.
Proteins
200
Explain the differences between a covalent and ionic bond.
transfer of electrons vs. sharing; types of elements involved
300
Looking at the virtual lab, tell me whether simple sugars, starches, proteins, or lipids are present in gelatin. How do you know?
contains protein (changed color to purple); negative result for others because did not have right color or no color change
300
What happens to the activation energy of a reaction when an enzyme is present?
amount of activation energy needed decreases
300
In the iodine lab how did we know that starch was present? Is starch a complex or simple sugar? How do you know?
blue/black coloring; complex because storage carb for plants and has many bonds
300
This macromolecule can repel water, prevent water evaporation, and water absorption in different contexts.
lipids
300
What does it mean to have a polar covalent bond? A non-polar covalent bond?
polar-unequal sharing of electrons non-polar-equal sharing of electrons
400
Although starch is found in plants, not all the food samples in the lab that came from plants tested positive for starch. Why do you think that is?
Starch may be stored in a particular spot like a seed or other specialized organ
400
How does substrate concentration increase or decrease the rate of an reaction? Amount of product produced?
More substrate, more enzymes can bind and carry out reaction; more product produced; reaction "faster"
400
What is the ratio between the elements in carbs? What are the elements?
1:2:1 carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
400
Name the monomers of a lipid, protein, and nucleic acid.
fatty acid, amino acid, nucleotide
400
Explain the difference between adhesion and cohesion
adhesion between two different molecules cohesion between two same molecules
500
Explain what it means to be lactose intolerant in terms of the enzyme lactase.
if the small intestine cells do not produce enough of the enzyme, not all the lactose is broken down before it reaches the large intestine where it is broken down by bacteria.
500
Explain why lactase cannot break down sucrose into its products of glucose and fructose. Please use the terms enzyme, substrate, and active site in your answer.
lactase's active site is specific to the substrate lactose
500
Explain the difference between simple and complex sugars in terms of energy?
complex sugars have more bonds which means more energy
500
Pick one item you have eaten today and tell me which macromolecules are present in it. How could you test your assumptions?
tests run in virtual labs
500
Draw the covalent bond in O2. Draw the ionic bond between LiCl.
Draw on board