Earth's Layers
What are the 3 layers of the Earth?
Crust, mantle, core
What is the name of Earth's 4 spheres?
Hydrosphere, Atmosphere, Geosphere, Biosphere
How are igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks formed?
Igneous: Magma cooling and crystalizing
Metamorphic: rocks are exposed to extreme heat and pressure in the Earth's crust/mantle
Sedimentary: When sediments are compacted and cemented together.
Define the water cycle
The continuous movement of all the water here on Earth.
What is a renewable resource? Give examples
Examples: water, wind, solar energy
What is the mantle made of?
Hot, liquid rock
Do the Earth's sphere interact with one another or are they independent?
Yes they interact and affect one another.
Sedimentary
What is precipitation, evaporation, and condensation?
Precipitation: any type of water that falls from the sky (rain, snow, hail etc)
Evaporation: when water is heated and turned into a water vapor
Condensation: when water vapor cools and turns back into a liquid
What are nonrenewable resources? Provide examples
Examples: oil, coal, gas, nuclear energy
How do scientists learn about the mantle?
By using seismic waves and studying meteorites that have fallen to Earth.
What types of natural disasters occur in the geosphere?
Earthquakes, landslides, mudslides, tornados
Limestone is formed when sediments are compacted together over millions of years. When exposed to heat and pressure, Limestone turns into marble. Which kind of change is occuring?
What percentage of Earth's water is salt water?
97% only 3% of Earth's water is drinkable
What are fossil fuels made from?
Dead organisms that have been compacted together over millions of years.
What is the Earth's core made of?
It is made of hot, solid nickel and iron
What types of natural disasters occur in the hydrosphere?
Hurricanes, tsunamis, flooding, sea levels rising
The largest carbon storage on Earth is?
The Oceans
What is surface run off?
Water that is moved by gravity over the surface of Earth. It is not absorbed.
How have humans contributed to water scarcity on Earth?
Deforestation, Overuse, climate change
Why does the Earth have a magnetic field?
Because the molten outer core is convecting (heating & rising then cooling & sinking)
How does a forest fire affect all 4 spheres on Earth?
*Answers will vary*
Which of the following does NOT release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?
1. combustion
2. cellular respiration
3. photosynthesis
4. decomposition
What is groundwater?
Any water that is absorbed through the Earth by gravity.
What are some examples that can cause water shortages in a specific region?
crops/animals can die causing lack of food, industry increasing, and people fighting over water supplies