Rainforests
What are the 4 layers of the rainforest?
forest floor, under canopy, canopy, emergents
How are Bearberry plants adapted to cold environments?
Hairy stems to trap in warmth, thick bark and low growing for stability in high winds, small leathery leaves to retain water
Give one reason why Rio is internationally important
Hosted the football world cup in 2014, Olympics in 2016, Christ the Redeemer statue is one of the seven "new wonders of the world".
Name a depositional landform of a river
Meanders, Ox Bow Lakes, Levees
At which type of tectonic plate boundary does one plate subduct beneath another?
Destructive plate margin - oceanic plate is more dense and will subduct beneath a continental plate
Give 2 ways that plants have adapted to the rainforest
Buttress roots - large roots seen above ground to stabilise tall trees
Drip tip leaves - pointy tip to allow water to run off without damaging the leaves
What are the 4 opportunities for economic development in Svalbard?
MEFT: Mining/Mineral extraction, Energy development, Fishing, Tourism
What is the informal economy?
Jobs are often unskilled and labour intensive, require little money to set up, offer no protection to the workers and they pay no tax.
Why is the Holderness Coast at risk from erosion?
Geology is bolder clay, very soft rock, and so it is the fastest eroding coast line in Europe. Long fetch in the region means that the waves have more power.
Give one piece of evidence for continental drift
Same type of fossilised plant in South America and Africa; East coast of South America fits into the west coast of Africa like a jigsaw etc.
Why should Tropical Rainforests be protected?
Act as carbon sink for climate change, potential for new medicines, threat to global biodiversity, home to indigenous people.
How can technology be used to protect cold environments?
Example: Trans Alaskan Pipeline - over the ground to prevent melting of the permafrost, sensors so in the event of an earthquake oil is stopped to help lower risk of oil spills
What is the name of the out of town shopping centre that was built in Bristol?
Cribbs Causeway
On which type of coastline do headlands and bays form?
Discordant coastline - areas of soft and hard rock
Give a natural cause of climate change
volcanic eruptions, Milankovitch cycles/changes to the Earth's orbit, Variations in sun's output
Why is there a high level of biodiversity in Tropical Rainforests?
The warm and humid climate allows for a wide variety of plants to grow, allowing for a wide variety of animals to live there. The humid climate is created due to the low pressure band at the equator along with the latitude location.
Why should cold environments be protected?
Fragile environments, help to regulate global temperature, scientific discovery
What is the Favela Bairo project?
Site and service project where the local authority provides land and essential services, and residents construct their own houses. Access to fresh water and sanitation has been provided, along with paved roads. Schools and health centres have been built along with a cable car to transport workers to the commercial centre of Ipanema.
How do levees form?
When a flood occurs, the river loses energy. The largest material is deposited first on the sides of the river banks and smaller material further away. After many floods, the sediment builds up to increase the height of the river banks, forming levees.
What are the 3 cells that make up the GAC in order from the equator to the pole?
Hadley cell, Ferrel cell, Polar cell
What is the FSC and how does it help to sustainably manage the rainforest?
Forest Stewardship Council - promotes sustainably managed forestry through education programmes and its FSC labelled products - usually found on books, paper products etc.
Explain one challenge of economic development in Cold Environments
Construction, Accessibility, Services and Extreme Temperatures.
How much did the upgrade of Temple Meads Train Station cost?
£10.2 million
What is a disadvantage of using groynes as a method of coastal management?
Further down the coast will receive less sediment and will be more vulnerable to erosion
Name and date the case studies:
Weather hazards in the UK; Tropical Storm; Earthquake in an LIC; Earthquake in a HIC
Beast from the East - 2018
Cyclone Idai - 2019
Japan earthquake - 2011
Nepal earthquake - 2015