Sultanates/Life Under Sultans
What were the 5 Sultanates?
The Slaves, Khaljis, Tughlaqs, Sayyids, Lodis
What were the two popular religious movements at the time?
The Hindu Bhakti, and the Islamic Sufi (Buddhism had vanished at this time)
Which famous ruler was Babur descended from?
He was descended from the famous Mongol ruler Genghis Khan.
What was Shah Jahan’s birth name?
His name was Prince Khurram.
What was there no advancement of during the Mughal rule?
There was no advancement of science, agriculture, or trade, and also medicine.
What were some examples of new items and things being found in towns at the time?
different clothes and languages, sounds of mosques, foreign foods, newly made goods
What happened to the 2 brothers who started the Sangama Dynasty and founded Vijayanagar?
They were first captured and converted to Islam, but then were converted to Hinduism when the sultan who captured them sent them to the south.
Which battle did Akbar win, with his guardian, to increase his confidence?
He won the 2nd battle of Panipat, and he had arrived there ready to battle just like his grandfather.
What did Jahangir do with his father’s rule?
He extended his father’s reign and kept most of his policies.
How were the poor and the rich vastly different?
The rich were extremely wealthy, while the poor lived in extreme poverty, and barely had any possessions. Most people were poor, and the royals were the only ones who were rich.
Why was “The Mad King” known as the Mad King?
He had an eccentric personality, had unpredictable behavior, and experimented with policies. Basically, he tried to fix what wasn’t broke. It was Muhammad-bin-Tughluq.
What were sculptures based upon, and why?
They were based on geometry and floral designs, and not humans because the Islamic religious book, the Quran, had strict rules.
Which group did Akbar realize he needed the support of, and why?
He needed the support of the Hindus, since they were the majority of the population.
How did Aurangzeb treat his subjects?
He was manipulative and ruthless towards them, especially Hindus. He made Hindus pay more taxes, and favored Muslims in court. He was like this towards family too.
How did the Mughal empire decline in the end?
The empire got too big and stretched too far to manage and control. Also, the kings after Aurangzeb were very weak, and weren’t able to control the nobles.
What were some of the teachings that the saints during the time period taught?
They taught about equality, that people of every faith were the same, live simply, and donate to the poor.
What did Vijayangar become in terms of popularity, and what were the problems with its neighbors?
Since it was one of the most famous cities in the world, it was in constant war with its neighbors.
Who was Humayun’s son and whose political ideas about the kingdom did he follow?
It was Akbar the Great, and he followed his grandfather, Babur’s, political ideas to help the kingdom in a good way.
When Shah Jahan took the throne, how did he show his knowledge in managing an empire?
He was experienced and efficient. He suppressed many revolts and signed numerous peace treaties.
What was the general quality of education in India during Mughal rule?
It was subpar. Many subjects weren’t taught, and the subjects that were taught were taught in dead languages. The schools and universities weren’t good, and there was also no advancement in education and technology.
What was the problem with the ruler Jalaluddin Khalji?
He was too gentle of a man, and even forgave his advisers when they betrayed him. He was taken advantage of by many people, including his nephew who killed him.
How did poets of the popular religious movements change literature?
The poets gave the people, God back, from priests that were controlling worship, and abusing parts of religion and the caste system. They made literature flourish.
Who had defeated Humayun in two battles, and how did he positively affect the empire?
Sher Khan had defeated Humayun, and he built palaces, he built a new administrative system, and divided the kingdom into provinces. He also maintained the army.
What was the main reason as to why Aurangzeb lost his large empire?
His empire became too big to manage and control, and so provinces began to break away and formed independent states. His handling of religion also caused him to lose his empire.
Who was defeated at the 3rd Battle of Panipat and what did it mark the end of?
The Mughals were defeated in this battle by the king of Afghanistan, and this marked the end of the Mughal Dynasty.