CP1: Motion
Which statement correctly compares distance and displacement?
A. Distance is a scalar; displacement is a vector.
B. Distance is a vector; displacement is a scalar.
C. Both are scalars because both are measured in metres.
D. Both are vectors because both describe motion.
A. Distance is a scalar; displacement is a vector.
Which structure controls the movement of substances into and out of a cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Mitochondrion
C. Ribosome
D. Cell membrane
B. Mitochondrion
What does the atomic number of an element tell you?
A. The number of neutrons only
B. The total number of protons and neutrons
C. The number of protons in the nucleus
D. The number of occupied electron shells
C. The number of protons in the nucleus
A box has a 6 N force acting right and a 2 N force acting left. What is the resultant force?
A. 8 N right
B. 4 N right
C. 4 N left
D. 0 N
C. 4 N left
Which stage of the cell cycle occurs before prophase and includes growth and DNA replication?
A. Interphase
B. Metaphase
C. Anaphase
D. Cytokinesis
A. Interphase
What is the frequency of a wave?
A. The maximum displacement from the rest position
B. The distance from one crest to the next
C. The number of complete waves passing a point each second
D. The time taken for a wave to travel one metre
C. The number of complete waves passing a point each second
Which statement best defines evolution?
A. An organism changing because it needs to survive
B. The growth of an individual organism during its lifetime
C. Any mutation that occurs in one body cell
D. A gradual change in inherited characteristics of a population over generations
D. A gradual change in inherited characteristics of a population over generations
Two images of the same bacterium are compared.
Which conclusion is best?
A. Image Y has better resolution even though it has lower magnification.
B. Image X has better resolution because its image is larger.
C. Magnification and resolution must always increase together.
D. Bacteria cannot be examined using electron microscopes.
A. Image Y has better resolution even though it has lower magnification.
A runner travels 150 m in 30 s, then remains stationary for 10 s. What is the runner’s average speed for the whole 40 s?
A. 2.5 m/s
B. 3.75 m/s
C. 5.0 m/s
D. 6.0 m/s
Answer: B
A microscope uses a ×10 eyepiece lens and a ×40 objective lens. What is the total magnification?
A. ×400
B. ×50
C. ×4
D. ×4,000
A. ×400
A neutral atom of chlorine-37 has atomic number 17. Which row is correct?
A. 17 protons, 17 neutrons, 20 electrons
B. 20 protons, 17 neutrons, 20 electrons
C. 17 protons, 37 neutrons, 17 electrons
D. 17 protons, 20 neutrons, 17 electrons
D. 17 protons, 20 neutrons, 17 electrons
A train moves in a straight line at constant velocity. Which statement must be true?
A. No forces act on the train.
B. The driving force is greater than the resistive forces.
C. The resultant force on the train is zero.
D. The train has no momentum.
C. The resultant force on the train is zero.
What is produced when one diploid body cell completes mitosis and cytokinesis?
A. Four genetically varied haploid cells
B. Two genetically varied diploid cells
C. Four genetically identical diploid cells
D. Two genetically identical diploid cells
D. Two genetically identical diploid cells
Which statement correctly describes a sound wave travelling through air?
A. Air particles oscillate at right angles to the direction of energy transfer.
B. Air particles oscillate parallel to the direction of energy transfer.
C. Air particles travel with the wave from the source to the listener.
D. Sound travels through a vacuum because it does not require particles.
B. Air particles oscillate parallel to the direction of energy transfer.
Which situation best explains how antibiotic resistance becomes more common in a bacterial population?
A. The antibiotic causes every bacterium to develop the same useful mutation.
B. Bacteria choose to become resistant when the antibiotic is present.
C. Some bacteria are already resistant; susceptible bacteria die and resistant bacteria reproduce.
D. The antibiotic makes resistant bacteria reproduce sexually.
C. Some bacteria are already resistant; susceptible bacteria die and resistant bacteria reproduce.
A 1,000 kg car accelerates uniformly from 4 m/s to 10 m/s in 3 s.
Which row gives its acceleration, displacement during the 3 s and resultant force?
A. 2 m/s²; 18 m; 2,000 N
B. 6 m/s²; 21 m; 6,000 N
C. 2 m/s²; 21 m; 2,000 N
D. 2 m/s²; 42 m; 500 N
C. 2 m/s²; 21 m; 2,000 N
A distance-from-start graph shows an object:
Which description is correct?
A. It moves away at 3 m/s, then towards the start at 1 m/s, then stops.
B. It moves away at 30 m/s, stops, then moves away at 20 m/s.
C. It moves away at 3 m/s, stops, then moves towards the start at 2 m/s.
D. It moves at constant speed for all 30 s because the graph contains straight lines.
C. It moves away at 3 m/s, stops, then moves towards the start at 2 m/s.
Why can an electron microscope reveal some cell structures that a light microscope cannot?
A. It always produces coloured images.
B. It has a higher resolution, so smaller structures can be distinguished.
C. It makes every specimen physically larger.
D. It can only view living cells.
B. It has a higher resolution, so smaller structures can be distinguished.
An atom has the electronic configuration 2.8.7. Where is it in the periodic table?
A. Period 3, Group 7
B. Period 7, Group 3
C. Period 2, Group 8
D. Period 3, Group 8
A. Period 3, Group 7
A 1,200 kg car accelerates at 2.5 m/s². What resultant force acts on it?
A. 480 N
B. 1,202.5 N
C. 2,500 N
D. 3,000 N
D. 3,000 N
Which sequence correctly describes growth near the tip of a plant root?
A. Differentiation → mitosis → elongation
B. Elongation → differentiation → mitosis
C. Mitosis in the meristem → elongation → differentiation
D. Meiosis in the meristem → fertilisation → elongation
C. Mitosis in the meristem → elongation → differentiation
A water wave has a frequency of 5 Hz and a wavelength of 0.80 m. What is its wave speed?
A. 4.0 m/s
B. 6.25 m/s
C. 0.16 m/s
D. 5.8 m/s
A. 4.0 m/s
What is a major risk of repeatedly using a small number of parents in selective breeding?
A. The offspring can no longer inherit alleles.
B. Genetic variation falls and harmful inherited conditions may become more common.
C. Natural selection stops in every future generation.
D. All offspring become a different species immediately.
B. Genetic variation falls and harmful inherited conditions may become more common.
An atom has atomic number 11 and mass number 23. Which complete description is correct?
A. 11 protons, 23 neutrons, 11 electrons; 2.8.1; Period 1, Group 3
B. 12 protons, 11 neutrons, 12 electrons; 2.8.2; Period 3, Group 2
C. 11 protons, 12 neutrons, 12 electrons; 2.8.2; Period 3, Group 2
D. 11 protons, 12 neutrons, 11 electrons; 2.8.1; Period 3, Group 1
D. 11 protons, 12 neutrons, 11 electrons; 2.8.1; Period 3, Group 1
A velocity–time graph starts at 2 m/s and rises uniformly to 8 m/s in 3 s. The velocity then remains at 8 m/s for another 2 s.
Which pair is correct?
A. Acceleration = 3 m/s²; displacement = 26 m
B. Acceleration = 2 m/s²; displacement = 21 m
C. Acceleration = 6 m/s²; displacement = 31 m
D. Acceleration = 2 m/s²; displacement = 31 m
Answer: D
Which pair of structures is found in both a typical bacterial cell and a typical animal cell?
A. Nucleus and cell membrane
B. Chloroplasts and ribosomes
C. Cell membrane and ribosomes
D. Cell wall and mitochondria
C. Cell membrane and ribosomes
An element contains:
What is its relative atomic mass?
A. 35.0
B. 35.5
C. 36.0
D. 36.5
B. 35.5
A 2 kg trolley moving at 4 m/s collides with a stationary 6 kg trolley. They stick together.
What is their shared velocity immediately after the collision?
A. 1 m/s
B. 2 m/s
C. 4 m/s
D. 8 m/s
A
Which route correctly describes an electrical impulse in a simple reflex arc?
A. Effector → motor neurone → relay neurone → sensory neurone → receptor
B. Receptor → sensory neurone → relay neurone → motor neurone → effector
C. Receptor → motor neurone → brain → sensory neurone → effector
D. Sensory neurone → receptor → motor neurone → relay neurone → effector
B. Receptor → sensory neurone → relay neurone → motor neurone → effector
A ray of light enters glass from air at an angle to the normal. Which change normally occurs?
A. It speeds up and bends towards the normal.
B. Its speed and direction remain unchanged.
C. It slows down and bends away from the normal.
D. It slows down and bends towards the normal.
D. It slows down and bends towards the normal.
Which sequence correctly describes the main use of a bacterial plasmid in genetic engineering?
A. Cut the desired gene and plasmid with restriction enzymes, join them with ligase, then introduce the recombinant plasmid into bacteria.
B. Use ligase to cut the gene, use a restriction enzyme to copy it, then place it in the bacterial nucleus.
C. Remove the bacterial ribosomes, join them to the gene, then inject them into an animal cell.
D. Place the uncut human chromosome directly into a bacterium so every human gene is expressed.
A. Cut the desired gene and plasmid with restriction enzymes, join them with ligase, then introduce the recombinant plasmid into bacteria.
A mutation in one skin cell causes it to divide rapidly and form a tumour.
Why is this not, by itself, evolution by natural selection of the human population?
A. Mutations cannot affect the rate of cell division.
B. It is a change in body cells and is not passed through reproduction to later generations.
C. Natural selection only occurs in bacteria.
D. All mutations are harmful, so selection cannot occur.
B. It is a change in body cells and is not passed through reproduction to later generations.
A car moves around a circular track at constant speed. Which TWO statements must be true?
A. Its velocity is changing.
B. Its acceleration is zero.
C. A resultant force acts towards the centre of the circle.
D. Its speed increases on every turn.
A and C
Which TWO adaptations directly help a sperm cell reach and fertilise an egg cell?
A. Chloroplasts carry out photosynthesis.
B. Many mitochondria release energy for movement.
C. A large permanent vacuole keeps the cell rigid.
D. The acrosome contains enzymes.
B. Many mitochondria release energy for movement.
D. The acrosome contains enzymes.
Which TWO statements describe how Mendeleev developed his periodic table?
A. He left gaps for elements that had not yet been discovered.
B. He arranged every element strictly by atomic number.
C. He refused to change the order when properties did not fit.
D. He used patterns in the properties of elements and their compounds to make predictions.
A and D
Which TWO changes increase braking distance without directly increasing the driver’s thinking distance?
A. The driver is tired.
B. The tyres are badly worn.
C. The road is wet.
D. The car travels at a higher speed.
B. The tyres are badly worn.
C. The road is wet.
Which TWO statements describe a genuine potential benefit or risk of using stem cells in medicine?
A. They may replace damaged cells and restore some lost function.
B. They may divide uncontrollably and form a tumour.
C. Every adult body cell can naturally differentiate into any cell type.
D. Embryonic stem-cell use has no ethical concerns.
A. They may replace damaged cells and restore some lost function.
B. They may divide uncontrollably and form a tumour.
A wave remains in the same medium, but its frequency doubles while its speed remains constant.
Which TWO statements are correct?
A. Its amplitude must double.
B. The particles of the medium move along with the wave twice as fast.
C. Its wavelength halves.
D. Its period halves.
C. Its wavelength halves.
D. Its period halves.
Which TWO statements describe a valid benefit or risk of genetic engineering?
A. A genetically engineered organism is guaranteed to have no unintended effects.
B. Engineered bacteria can produce useful human proteins such as insulin.
C. Genetic engineering always increases genetic variation in wild populations.
D. A modified gene could spread into other populations, creating an environmental concern.
B. Engineered bacteria can produce useful human proteins such as insulin.
D. A modified gene could spread into other populations, creating an environmental concern.
A student claps 85 m from a wall and hears the echo 0.50 s later. What is the speed of sound?
A. 85 m/s
B. 170 m/s
C. 340 m/s
D. 680 m/s
C. 340 m/s