The Stress Test
This specific part of the adrenal gland is responsible for the "Fight or Flight" response.
What is the Adrenal Medulla?
This hormone is released when blood calcium levels are too high
What is Calcitonin?
HGH is produced by this gland, often called the "Master Gland."
What is the Anterior Pituitary?
This term describes a hormone (like TSH or ACTH) whose sole job is to tell another gland to do work.
What is a Tropic Hormone?
This dietary element is required to build Thyroxine hormones.
What is Iodine?
While the short-term response uses nerves, the long-term response relies on this specific hormone to keep blood sugar high.
What is Cortisol?
This hormone is released when blood calcium levels are too low.
What is PTH (Parathyroid Hormone)?
HGH stimulates the liver to release "growth factors" that target these specific tissue types.
What are Bone / Cartilage / Muscle?
In the negative feedback loop for metabolism, high levels of Thyroxine (T4) will shut off the production of this Pituitary hormone.
What is TSH (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone)?
Hypothyroidism (low thyroid function) typically causes weight gain and sensitivity to this temperature extreme.
What is Cold?
This mineral-regulating hormone is released by the Adrenal Cortex to raise blood pressure by retaining sodium
What is Aldosterone?
Aside from bones, PTH targets the kidneys and specifically helps activate this Vitamin to absorb more calcium from food.
What is Vitamin D?
This condition occurs if you hyper-secrete HGH during childhood (before puberty).
What is Gigantism?
The Hypothalamus releases CRH, which tells the Pituitary to release ACTH, which tells the Adrenals to release this.
What is Cortisol?
Hyperthyroidism (like Graves' disease) often causes weight loss, anxiety, and this distinctive eye symptom.
What is Exophthalmos (bulging eyes)?
In the long-term stress response, the Hypothalamus does not send a nerve signal. Instead, it releases this specific hormone to wake up the Anterior Pituitary.
What is CRH (Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone)?
If a patient has a tumor causing Hyper-parathyroidism (too much PTH), they are at high risk for this physical condition.
What is Osteoporosis/Brittle Bones?
This condition occurs if you hyper-secrete HGH after adulthood (after growth plates have fused), resulting in a heavy jaw and thick hands.
What is Acromegaly?
Unlike the Anterior Pituitary, the Posterior Pituitary does not make hormones; it only stores hormones made by this organ.
What is the Hypothalamus?
Thyroxine increases your energy levels by speeding up this specific chemical reaction inside the mitochondria of your cells.
What is Cellular Respiration?
The "trade-off" of the long-term stress response: You get high blood sugar for energy, but you lose function in this body system.
What is the Immune System (or Reproductive/Digestive System)?
Because Calcitonin and PTH have opposite effects on the same variable (blood calcium) to maintain homeostasis, they are referred to as this specific type of hormonal pair.
What are Antagonistic Hormones?
Pituitary Dwarfism can be treated with HGH injections, but only if caught before this biological event happens.
What is the fusing of the epiphyseal (growth) plates?
Draw or describe the feedback loop error that causes a Goiter.
What is: Low Iodine $\rightarrow$ Low Thyroxine $\rightarrow$ No negative feedback $\rightarrow$ High TSH $\rightarrow$ Overstimulation of Thyroid?
Explain why the Thyroid gland swells into a Goiter when Iodine is missing.
Because TSH keeps stimulating the cell growth trying to force it to make hormones, but it can't complete the final product.