Hyperthyroidism
The thyroid gland is the only gland that can be palpated. This is the correct way to palpate the thyroid gland.
What is by a HCP?
Incorrect palpation can stimulate the thyroid gland to release TH and can cause a Thyrotoxic Crisis.
A very common side effect of DKA that is caused by excess buildup of ketones is an odor on the breath nurses describe as...
What is Juicy fruit chewing gum smell or fruity breath?
Hypoglycemia is when blood glucose is under this number.
What is less than 70?
This test is used to diagnose diabetes and monitor diabetes control.
What is Glycohemoglobin A1C?
The primary hypothyroidism treatment is.
What is Thyroid replacement hormone? (levothyroxine: Synthroid)
HHS mainly occurs in this type of diabetes...
What is Type 2?
The normal fasting glucose level is this.
And diabetes is diagnosed when a fasting glucose level is this.
What is less than 100? And 200 for diabetes diagnoses.
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is...
What is Graves’ disease?
This deep sighing respiratory pattern due to blowing off excess CO2 is called...
What are Kussmaul respirations?
This should be given to a patient to eat after a hypoglycemic episode is resolved.
What is a Complex carbohydrate and a protein?
The three P's that are S/S for hyperglycemia for type 1 and 2 diabetics.
What is polyuria, polyphagia, and polydipsia?
The primary cause of hypothyroidism is a failure of the thyroid to produce enough of this.
What is TH? (thyroid hormone)
HHS stands for....
What is hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic state?
Name a short acting insulin and the peak, onset, duration and when to take it.
What are: Insulin lipspro (humalog), Insulin aspart (Novolog), Insulin glulisine (Apidra)?
Onset 15 mins, Peak 1-2 hrs., Duration 2-4 hrs.
Take it 15 minutes before meals.
Two complications of hyperthyroidism.
What are Thyrotoxic crisis, hypothyroidism?
How DKA is confirmed.
What are ketones in urine and BG higher than 300?
This treatment can be given to a hypoglycemic patient that cannot swallow or unconscious.
What is Subcutaneous glucagon?
Describe how hyperglycemia occurs.
What is the ingestion of too many calories that the body has insulin to cover it or a stressor occurs that releases hormones that raise the BG?
Hyperthyroidism signs and symptoms that can only occur when caused by Graves’ disease are what?
What is bulging of the eyes & thickening of skin on legs?
This is how high has BG been recorded with HHS...
What is 1500?
This is the most dangerous complication with high blood glucose.
What is HHS?
Has a higher mortality rate and has less S/S than DKA.
Name at least two S/S of hyperthyroidism.
What are increased metabolic rate, heat intolerance,
and a high appetite w/ weight loss?
Explain how lack of insulin causes DKA.
What is the lack of insulin to move the glucose out of the blood and into the cells cause the cells to starve and the body to break down fat for energy that releases acids?
List the steps on treating a hypoglycemic patient that is alert.
What are: Give fast sugar, check BG in 15 mins, if the Blood glucose is less than 70 mg/dL, repeat the procedure 1 and 2, and if the hypoglycemic episode is resolved, give a complex carbohydrate.
If not resolved contact HCP.
List the hormones that raise BG levels.
What is epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone, and glucagon?
Another common cause of hypothyroidism can be a deficiency of this..
What is Iodine?
Two S/S of HHS?
What are extreme thirst, lethargy, mental confusion, and dehydration?
The thyroid is located here and produces these hormones.
Where is the front of the throat below the larynx?
Thyroxine T4
Triiodothyronine T3
Calcitonin
Two signs/symptoms of thyrotoxic crisis and at least Two treatments.
What is Fever, tachycardia, hypertension-hypotension, dehydration, restlessness?
TX: Acetaminophen, cooling blanket, beta blocker, oxygen, head elevation
Treatment of DKA includes what and name an electrolyte that must be monitored carefully during treatment.
What are IV fluids, IV or subcutaneous insulin and BG monitoring?
potassium must be monitored closely.
List the levels of hypoglycemia.
1. blood glucose under 70
2. Less than 54 and has neurological symptoms such as confusion.
3. AMS, unable to function due to extremely low BG and need another person's assistance.
The Somogyi effect.
What is high BG numbers in the morning after fasting from hormones being released d/t low BG in the night? (A rebound effect.)
In advanced stage hypothyroidism, this can develop. and is described as...
What is myxedema? (is described as non-pitting edema of face, hands, and feet)
The nursing priority for HHS is...
What is rehydrating and lowering BG levels?
The pituitary gland is located here and produces these hormones. Name 3.
What is below the hypothalamus and these hormones: 1. TSH (Thyroid stimulating, Anterior pituitary)
2. GH Growth hormone (Anterior pituitary gland)
3 Oxytocin (Posterior pituitary gland)
4 ADH Antidiuretic Hormone (posterior Pituitary gland))
3.
4.