Hormones
Which hormone is synthesized and secreted by the kidneys in response to elevated parathyroid hormone?
Calcitriol
what type of cells produce insulin?
hint: not which organ cells, type of cell!
What are the two basic groups of hormones based on chemical structure?
Steroid hormones and amino acid-based hormones
The adenohypophysis releases all of the following hormones into the circulation, except:
- ADH, PROLACTIN, LEUTENIZING HORMONE, GH
Antidiuretic hormone
In uncontrolled hyperthyroidism one of the treatment options is a total thyroidectomy. How would this affect calcium homeostasis:
Hypocalcemia
Which hormones regulate the production of growth hormone (GH)?
Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GH–RH) and somatostatin.
release of PTH by parathyroid cells is triggered by what event?
Ca2+ concentration of the blood falls below normal.
How do steroid hormones pass through the cell membrane?
They diffuse through the lipid bilayer due to their hydrophobic nature
A lesion of the pituitary gland could cause the over secretion of which hormone:
Growth hormone
A tumor in the pituitary gland is most likely to enhance the level of which of the following hormones?
GH
A defect in thyroid hormone synthesis would result in which of the following:
Decrease in T3 and T4
The follicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete thyroid hormone, while the parafollicular cells secrete:
Calcitonin
What is a key difference in receptor location between steroid and amino acid-based hormones?
Steroid hormones bind to intracellular receptors; amino acid-based hormones bind to membrane-bound receptors.
the pituitary gland secretes all of the following hormones:
vasopressin, ACTH, thyroid-stimularting hormone
Fatigue, weakness, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation, dry skin, hair loss, menstrual irregularities in women, slow heart rate, hoarse voice, memory impairment, and difficulty in concentrating are features of?
Hypothyroidism
Which hormone released by neurohypophysis is important in childbirth and lactation?
Oxytocin
The adrenocorticotropic hormone specifically targets cells that produce:
Cortisol
Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the conversion of cAMP to its inactive form, terminating the signaling cascade?
Phosphodiesterase
Which cell connects the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary?
neurons
Dwarfism is caused by:
Reduced secretion of GH in children.
Which hormone produced by the endocrine system is involved in the development and function of the immune system?
Thymosin
What is the primary stimulus for the release of erythropoietin (EPO) by the kidneys?
Low oxygen levels in kidney tissues
How does the second messenger, cGMP (cyclic guanosine monophosphate), influence smooth muscle relaxation?
Activating protein kinase G (PKG)
Which of the following regions of the brain produces vasopressin and oxytocin?
Hypothalamus
A doctor advises an asthmatic patient who is experiencing severe exacerbations of asthma symptoms to take prednisone to minimize lung inflammation. In such a patient, an overdose of prednisone may result in which of the following conditions?
Cushing syndrome