Feeling Hormonal
Which gland is referred to as the master gland?
What is the pituitary gland
Endocrine disorders may be caused by...
What are genetic alterations, lifestyle behaviors, and tumors
These type of glands use ducts to transport substances
What are exocrine glands, such as sweat glands, sebaceous glands, gastric glands, and part of the pancreas
What organ is located underneath the liver and between the kidneys in the retroperitoneum?
What is the Pancreas
What are the 4 types of Diabetes?
What are Type I, Prediabetes, Type II, and Gestational Diabetes
What are the 4 types of hormones based upon chemical composition?
What are steroids- lipid soluble (thyroid hormones), proteins or polypeptides- water soluble (insulin and growth hormone), amines or amino acids- water soluble (epi), and fatty acid derivatives- lipid soluble (prostaglandins)
Gigantism and acromegaly are cause by an excess of which hormone?
What is growth hormone. Excess GH prior to puberty - gigantism and acromegaly is excess GH as an adult
These type of glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream to do their job
What are endocrine glands
What are the five types of cells located in the Islet of Langerhans?
What are alpha cells, beta cells, delta cells, pancreatic polypeptide cells, and epsilon cells
What are signs and symptoms of hyperglycemia?
What are polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, glucosuria, weight loss, blurred vision, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain
Hormones act as chemical messengers at various sites to regulate which processes?
What are growth and development, metabolism, sexual function, reproduction, and mood stability
Which disorder results from a decrease in TSH, resulting in weight gain, bradycardia, and cold intolerance?
What is hypothyroidism
Which organ performs exocrine and endocrine functions?
What is the pancreas. Exocrine- digestive function and endocrine- insulin/glucagon
How much of the Pancreas focuses on carrying out digestive functions?
What is 90%
Why are excessive glucose levels bad?
Increased glucose levels contribute to the thickening and hardening of vessel walls, causing diffuse ischemia and necrosis leading to circulatory changes.
This gland is located at the base of the neck below the larynx, it consists of 2 lobes on either side of the trachea
What is the Thyroid gland
Which disorder involves increased renal water retention caused by excessive ADH levels?
What is Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone
When a hormone is released only when its levels decline and production stops when levels rise, this is an example of?
What is a negative feedback loop. An example being insulin in relation to glucose levels.
What do each of the cells in the Islet of Langerhans release and what is their job?
What are alpha cells- glucagon- raise glucose, beta cells- insulin and amylin- moves glucose into cells/suppresses glucagon and promotes satiety, delta cells- somatostatin- regulates insulin and glucagon, polypeptide- regulates pancreas, epsilon- ghrelin- stimulates hunger
What are some chronic complications of Diabetes?
What are heart disease, stroke, diabetic retinopathy, blindness, HTN, kidney disease, diabetic neuropathy, amputations, ED, depression, periodontal disease, pregnancy complications, increased susceptibility to infections and delayed healing
These 2 glands have an inner medulla and an outer cortex, what are they called, where are they located, and what do they secrete?
What are the adrenal glands located on the top of each kidney. The inner medulla releases epinephrine in your fight-or-flight response. The outer cortex has 3 sections that secrete mineralocorticoids, aldosterone, cortisol, and gonadocorticoids.
Pituitary gland disorders can be caused by primary or secondary causes. Please explain this?
These disorders can be caused by tumors, infection, trauma, and necrosis. Primary hypopituitarism originates in the pituitary, while secondary hypopituitarism originates in the hypothalamus.
The release of oxytocin during childbirth stimulates the release of more oxytocin to strengthen contractions. Once the baby is born this loop stops. What type of feedback loop is this?
What is a rare positive feedback loop as more hormones trigger even more hormones until the desired result is achieved- childbirth.
What are the small groups of digestive enzyme-producing cells of the pancreas called?
What are the acini
What are the factors associated with type 2 DM?
What are advancing age, obesity, family history of DM, history of gestational DM, impaired glucose metabolism, and physical inactivity