Stress, stress baby!
A synonym of adrenal gland
What is suprarenal gland or "modified sympathetic ganglion?"
Hypercalcemia is seen in this overactive gland
What is parathyroid gland? (Remember: kidney stones)
If dwarfism and gigantism are seen in kids, what are the equivalents in adults?
What are osteopenia and acromegaly?
Osteoporosis affects 10 million people in the States, mainly females over 50 yo. What are two preventable risk factors of osteoporosis?
What are low Ca in diet and lack of exercise (WB, to be specific)?
This type of cancer is #1 for mortality in men and women
What is lung/bronchi cancer?
The adrenal cortex has 3 layers. Which layer secretes aldosterone?
What is zona glomerulosa?
#1 most common site of metastases
What are lungs/pulmonary?
3 hormones that control Ca balance
(*Bonus Q: Which one is used to treat Paget's Disease?)
What are PTH, calcitriol and calcitonin?
(*Bonus A: Calcitonin)
The less active form of osteoblasts
What are osteocytes? (Appear when long bones stop growing)
Carcinomas are found in this cell type
Main difference between Cushing's Syndrome and Cushing's Disease
Cushing's Syndrome is more extensive. Pts could have other AD's like RA, SLE, etc.
Pts with Cushing's Disease could worsen and develop into syndrome
Primary hyperparathyroidism manifests through neoplasms, hyperplasia and carcinoma, with 80% as adenomas. What is secondary HPT?
What is chronic renal failure?
The two glands not influenced by the pituitary hormones
What are the adrenal medulla and parathyroid gland?
Osteomalacia is NOT osteoporosis. Pts lack Vitamin D are diagnosed with "Adult Rickets." What are two primary causes of this?
What are decreased intestinal Ca absorption (resistance to Vita D) and increased renal phosphorus loss (hyperPTism)?
Islets of Langerhans are found in the pancreas. Inside, you can find three cells
What are beta (75%), alpha (20%), and D cells?
Adults with pathologies of the adrenal medulla have pheochromocytoma, which present in HTN and active secretion of epinephrine/norepinephrine. What is seen in kids?
What is neuroblastoma? Neuroblasts are usually metastasized :(
Lable the TNM classification created by the American Jt Committee on Cancer
T (1mary tumor), N (regional lymph node), and M (metastasis)
GH is also called this other name
What is hydroxyapatite?
Wasting away of the body is also called
What is cachexia?
Cortisol is to stress as TH is to
What is metabolism?
This is the "GOLD STANDARD" of diagnosing cancers
What are biopsies?
The six hormones released by the adenohypophysis, and the two secreted by the neurohypophysis
What are GH, TSH, ACTH, PRL, FSH/LH, MSH? And ADH and oxytocin?
Adenohypophysis = Anterior Pituitary/Lobe, Neurohypophysis = Posterior Pituitary/Lobe
The "GOLD STANDARD" of diagnosing osteoporosis
What is DEXA? (dual-emission x-ray absorptiometry)
All of the cells in your body have DNA except this
What are RBCs?