Type 2 Diabetes Management
A newly diagnosed patient with A1C 8.2% and normal renal function presents. What is the best initial pharmacologic therapy?
What is metformin
A patient taking glipizide reports dizziness and sweating after missing meals. What is the cause?
What is hypoglycemia due to sulfonylurea
A patient is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. What is the treatment of choice?
What is levothyroxine
A patient asks how orlistat works. What is the correct explanation?
What is blocks fat absorption
A patient with pernicious anemia requires which treatment?
What is Vitamin B12
A patient asks why metformin is preferred over other agents initially. What is the best clinical reasoning?
What is low hypoglycemia risk and effective A1C reduction
A patient on insulin and propranolol does not recognize hypoglycemia symptoms. Why?
What is beta-blockers mask hypoglycemia symptoms
After starting levothyroxine, when should labs be reassessed?
What is 6 weeks
A patient with obesity and diabetes wants medication that promotes weight loss. Best option?
What is GLP-1 receptor agonist
A patient planning pregnancy should be started on which supplement?
What is folic acid
A patient on metformin has A1C 8.4% and BMI 35. What is the best second-line therapy?
What is GLP-1 receptor agonist such as Ozempic.
A patient continues to have hypoglycemia on sulfonylurea. What is the best management decision?
What is discontinue or change medication
A patient in first trimester pregnancy has hyperthyroidism. What is the best treatment?
What is PTU
A patient asks why phentermine is not used long-term. What is the reasoning?
What is sympathomimetic with short-term use only "Flight or fight response:
A patient with limited dietary intake is at risk for which deficiency?
What is Vitamin D deficiency
A patient frequently skips meals. Which medication class should be avoided when adding therapy?
What is sulfonylureas. Such is Glipizide.
A patient on dual oral therapy still has A1C above goal. What is the next escalation?
What is initiate insulin therapy
A patient transitions to second trimester. What medication change should occur?
What is switch to methimazole
A patient wants weight loss medication but has cardiovascular risk. Which class offers additional benefit?
What is GLP-1 receptor agonist or SGLT2 inhibitor
A patient on long-term metformin develops anemia. What deficiency should be suspected?
What is Vitamin B12 deficiency
A patient with Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease requires escalation. Which class provides added benefit?
What is SGLT2 inhibitor - CV protective effects.
A patient with diabetes is started on insulin. Which patient education point is MOST important to prevent hypoglycemia?
What is eat consistent meals when using insulin
An older adult on levothyroxine develops chest pain and palpitations. What is the concern?
What is over-replacement causing cardiac effects
A patient on GLP-1 therapy reports early satiety. What mechanism explains this?
What is delayed gastric emptying
A patient with intrinsic factor deficiency requires lifelong supplementation of which vitamin?
What is Vitamin B12