Glands
What part of the brain is the Pineal gland attached to?
Thalamus
How does insulin affect blood sugar?
It causes blood glucose to decease.
What gland releases cortisol?
Adrenal
What are the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Diabetes type 2 is later in life, type 1 is juvenile
One can be controlled by medication (insulin), the other one is mainly diet regulation
Name at least four parts of the endocrine system.
Thalamus, hypothalamus, testes, pineal gland, adrenal gland, pancreas, ovaries, pituitary gland, thyroid/parathyroid
What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine functions?
Endocrine: secretion of hormones
Exocrine: secretion of a physical substance
How do growth hormones adjust throughout our life span?
Highest during puberty, and then is stable during adolescence.
A person who is stressed will typically have _____ blood pressure.
High or increased
What is Type 1 diabetes caused by?
A disorder of the immune system.
What is circadian rhythm and what hormone is associated with it?
Circadian rhythm is your sleep cycle/body clock. It influences hormones being released, such as melatonin.
What kind of gland secretes sweat?
Exocrine
Oxytocin and ADH are both secreted by the posterior pituitary. Where are they synthesized in the brain?
Hypothalamus
What is the difference between epinephrine and norepinephrine in fight or flight?
Epinephrine has a stronger effect on the heart and metabolism, preparing the body for physical activity.
Norepinephrine has a stronger effect on blood pressure and alertness, keeping the brain and body ready for action.
What part of the endocrine system is underperforming for Graves disease to occur?
Thyroid
How do negative feedback loops help regulate hormone levels in the body?
When blood sugar is high, the pancreas releases insulin, which helps cells absorb glucose and lowers blood sugar.
What hormones does the adrenal medulla secrete?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
All hormones are classified as what type of compound?
Organic
Does stress have an effect on your immune system?
Yes. Cortisol suppresses immune function.
What are symptoms of hyperthyroidism?
High metabolism, skinny, eyes protruding out of the head.
EPO is a performance enhancer for athletes. What effects does it have on the blood stream.
Improves oxygen delivery to muscles.
What gland secretes melatonin?
Pineal
What hormone secreted in the brain has an effect on urination?
ADH
What two hormones are apart of the stress response?
Cortisol and epinephrine.
Cushing's disease is caused by an excess of what hormone?
Cortisol
What is a target cell?
A target cell is a cell that has specific receptors for a particular hormone. When the hormone binds to its receptor, it triggers a response in the cell, leading to changes in its function.