Hypothyroidism
This hormone is typically low in patients with hypothyroidism.
What is thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism involving antibody stimulation of the thyroid.
What is Graves' disease?
The primary hormone overproduced in Cushing's syndrome.
What is cortisol?
The primary hormones deficient in Addison's disease
What are cortisol and aldosterone?
The hormone that regulates blood glucose levels
What is insulin?
A common cause of hypothyroidism involving an autoimmune attack on the thyroid gland
What is Hashimoto's thyroiditis?
These are classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism: weight loss, heat intolerance, and rapid heart rate
What are hypermetabolic symptoms?
This imaging technique helps diagnose the source of excess cortisol production.
What is MRI or CT scan?
This autoimmune process is the most common cause of Addison's disease
What is autoimmune adrenalitis?
The primary diagnostic test that measures average blood glucose over 3 months
What is HbA1c?
These symptoms are characteristic of hypothyroidism, including weight gain, fatigue, and cold intolerance.
What are metabolic slowdown symptoms?
This surgical procedure completely removes the thyroid gland as a treatment for severe hyperthyroidism
What is total thyroidectomy?
The most common cause of Cushing's syndrome involving a pituitary tumor.
What is Cushing's disease?
These characteristic symptoms include hyperpigmentation and salt craving
What are signs of adrenal insufficiency?
This type of diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells
What is Type 1 diabetes?
This medication is the primary treatment for hypothyroidism, replacing the missing thyroid hormone
What is levothyroxine (L-thyroxine)?
These medications block thyroid hormone production and are first-line treatment for hyperthyroidism.
What are antithyroid drugs (like methimazole or propylthiouracil)?
This surgical procedure removes the source of excess cortisol in many Cushing's syndrome cases.
What is transsphenoidal adenomectomy?
This emergency medication is crucial for treating acute adrenal crisis
What is intravenous hydrocortisone?
These medication classes work by increasing insulin sensitivity in Type 2 diabetes
What are metformin or thiazolidinediones?
This rare congenital condition causes hypothyroidism from birth due to complete thyroid gland absence
What is congenital athyreosis?
This rare genetic condition causes constitutive activation of the TSH receptor, leading to hyperthyroidism.
What is McCune-Albright syndrome?
This rare genetic condition causes multiple endocrine neoplasias that can lead to Cushing's syndrome
What is Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1)?
This rare genetic disorder can cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia leading to Addison's-like symptoms
What is 21-hydroxylase deficiency?
This rare genetic condition causes extreme insulin resistance and diabetes from birth
What is Donohue syndrome (leprechaunism)?