Thyroid & Parathyroid
Described as "High & Hot," this condition presents with tachycardia, weight loss, and heat intolerance.
What is Hyperthyroidism (Grave’s)?
This condition results from excessive cortisol and is marked by a "moon face," "buffalo hump," and central obesity.
What is Cushing’s Disease/Syndrome?
This classic trio of symptoms includes polydipsia (thirst), polyphagia (hunger), and polyuria (frequent urination).
What are the 3 P's of Diabetes?
While both share the name "Diabetes," this condition is differentiated from Diabetes Mellitus because the patient's urine contains no glucose; instead, it is caused by a deficiency of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH).
What is Diabetes Insipidus (DI)?
Described as "Low & Slow," this condition presents with bradycardia, cold intolerance, and weight gain.
What is Hypothyroidism (Hashimoto’s)?
This "Adrenal Insufficiency" presents with bronze skin pigmentation, hypotension, and extreme fatigue.
What is Addison’s Disease?
This life-threatening state in Type 1 DM presents with "fruity" breath and Kussmaul respirations.
What is Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?
This condition is the functional "opposite" of Diabetes Insipidus; it involves an excess of ADH, leading the body to retain too much water and resulting in a dangerous dilution of blood sodium.
What is SIADH?
This specific sign of hypothyroidism involves a "slow to relax" Achilles tendon reflex.
What is Woltzman Sign?
This condition, caused by GH overproduction in adults, leads to enlarged hands, feet, and jaw.
What is Acromegaly?
This "Rule of 15" is used to treat this acute state marked by shakiness, sweating, and confusion.
What is Hypoglycemia?
A patient with DI may present with this extreme urinary symptom, outputting up to 20 liters of pale, dilute urine per day, compared to the normal 1–2 liters.
What is Polyuria?
Excessive secretion of this hormone leads to "Moans, Stones, and Groans" (bone pain and kidney stones).
What is Hyperparathyroidism?
Patients with this adrenal condition require a specific medical alert bracelet because a "crisis" can lead to fatal hypotension.
What is Addison’s Disease?
This long-term complication of DM leads to "glove and stocking" numbness and increased fall risk.
What is Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy?
This electrolyte imbalance is the primary clinical "red flag" for SIADH; it can lead to neurological symptoms like confusion, seizures, or coma if the sodium levels drop too low.
What is Hyponatremia (Low Sodium)?
This physical finding, often seen in Grave's Disease, involves protruding or "bulging" eyeballs.
What is Exophthalmos?
This differentiation is key: Syndrome is caused by external meds (NSAIDs/Steroids), while Disease is caused by a pituitary tumor.
What is Cushing’s Disease?
This lab value provides an average of blood glucose control over the past 2–3 months.
What is A1C?
Patients with Diabetes Insipidus are at a severe risk for this cardiovascular state because they are losing fluid faster than they can replace it, leading to a dangerous drop in blood volume.
What is Hypovolemic Shock? (Look for tachycardia and a sudden drop in blood pressure).