Physiology
What are the functions of thyroid peroxidase?
oxidation, organification, and coupling?
Medullary Carcinoma secretes what hormone?
What is calcitonin
Pheochromocytoma is treated initially by what alpha-antagonist?
What is phenoxybenzamine
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is most sensitive to what physiological change in the body?
What is plasma osmolarity.
If a surgeon cuts the recurrent laryngeal nerve while performing thyroid surgery, what are the possible manifestations?
What are hoarseness and whisper
Ketoacidosis possibly occurs in which type of diabetes?
What is Type I Diabetes Mellitus
In Grave's Disease, you will see (low/high) TSH and (low/high) T3/T4?
What is low TSH and high T3/T4
What is the mechanism of action of Bromocriptine and what is it used for?
what is...
MOA: Dopamine D2 agonist
Use: treatment for hyperprolactinemia and used as acromegaly treatment
Dopamine inhibits what hormone?
What is prolactin
The superior thyroid artery is a branch of what?
What is the external carotid artery
If the connection between the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary is severed, secretion of all anterior pituitary hormones will decrease EXCEPT which hormone? Why?
What is Prolactin.
Because prolactin is under inhibitory control by dopamine, when dopamine no longer reaches the anterior pituitary because of the severed connection, prolactin will increase.
Children with 21-alpha-hydroxylase deficiency present with excess what?
Bonus: You will see accumulation of what enzyme?
What are androgens
Bonus: What is 17-hydroxyprogesterone
Teriparatide is a recombinant form of what hormone?
What is Parathyroid Hormone
In Primary hyperaldosteronism, you will see an (increase/decrease) in Plasma Renin Activity (PRA) and an (increase/decrease) in Plasma Aldosterone Concentration (PAC)?
What is decreased PRA and increased PAC
The superior and middle thyroid veins drain into..
What is the internal jugular vein
Name 2 hormones that use the JAK/STAT pathway
What is prolactin and growth hormone
opsoclonus-myoclonus is associated with what tumor?
what is neuroblastoma
What 2 hyperprolactinemia drugs have a side effect of psychiatric manifestations?
What is Bromocriptine and Cabergoline
In what diagnosis will you see elevated plasma and urinary levels of epinephrine, norepinephrine, metanephrine, and vanillylmandelic acid?
What is pheochromocytoma
The anterior pituitary is derived from...
What is Rathke's pouch (oral ectoderm)
Insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans are seen in...
What is type II DM
Which thyroid carcinoma is associated with spindle-shaped cells?
What is anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid
What is the MOA of anion inhibitors (potassium and perchlorate)?
What is competitive inhibitor of iodide transport mechanism and blocks reuptake of I- by thyroid
In what zone of the adrenal cortex is cortisol synthesized?
What is the zone fasciculata
Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis) is derived from..
What is the neuroectoderm