Hormone Actions
Which hormone in a daily rhythm influences sleep/wake cycles?
melatonin
A teenage girl presents with primary amenorrhea, short stature, and a webbed neck
What is Turner syndrome
What condition is caused by excessive GH secretion in childhood?
What is Gigantism?
This thyroid hormone is most biologically active at the nuclear receptor level.
What is Triiodothyronine T3?
Which two hormones from pituitary gland regulates puberty?
LH and FSH
This condition causes early development of secondary sexual characteristics due to early activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
What is central (gonadotropin-dependent) precocious puberty?
Which two hormones are produced by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels?
Insulin and glucagon
This pituitary tumor cause galactorrhea and amenorrhea
What is prolactinoma ?
Decreased production of this hormone is associated with delayed puberty?
What is GnRH?
An 11-year-old girl is brought in for fatigue, poor school performance, and slowed growth. She has a painless, firm goiter on exam. Labs show elevated TSH and low free T4. Anti–thyroid peroxidase antibodies are positive.
What is autoimmune hypothyroidism (Hashimoto's thyroiditis) ?
A newborn has prolonged jaundice, poor feeding, hypotonia, and a large posterior fontanelle and has an abnormal new born screen.
What is congenital hypothyroidism?
This hormone is produced in the zona fasciculata and is the main glucocorticoid involved in stress response.
What is cortisol?
This adrenal cortex hormone increases sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidney.
What is Aldosterone ?
A 3-year-old has ambiguous genitalia, salt-wasting crisis, and elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels
What is congenital adrenal hyperplasia (21 hydroxylase deficiency )
This autoimmune condition of thyroid gland is associated with exophthalmos and tachycardia
What is Graves disease
This pancreatic alpha-cell hormone raises blood glucose by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver.
What is glucagon?
WhThis posterior pituitary hormone increases water reabsorption in the collecting ducts of the kidney.
Anti diuretic hormone / Arginine vasopressin
A 6-year-old boy with a history of brain tumor presents with excessive thirst, frequent urination, and new nocturnal enuresis. He appears dehydrated with hypernatremia. Urine is very dilute.
What is arginine vasopressin deficiency?
This hypothalamic hormone is released in a pulsatile manner and is essential for normal reproductive endocrine homeostasis by stimulating both LH and FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary.
What is GnRH ?
This tumor of the adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines and presents with episodic hypertension, headache, and sweating.
What is Pheochromocytoma
This hypothalamic hormone inhibits prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary.
What is dopamine (prolactin-inhibiting hormone)?