Hormone Basics
A chemical messenger released into the blood to act on target cells.
what is a hormone?
This gland is often called the "master gland" because it releases tropic hormones.
What is the pituitary gland?
Thyroid follicular cells secrete these two thyroid hormones.
What is T3 and T4?
Pancreatic beta cells release this hormone after blood glucose rises.
What is insulin?
This disease involves problems with insulin secretion or action causing high blood glucose.
What is diabetes mellitus?
this pineal hormone helps regulate sleep-wake cycles.
what is melatonin?
ADH and Oxytocin are made in the hypothalamus and released from this pituitary lobe.
What is the posterior pituitary?
Thyroid parafollicular, or C cells secrete this calcium-lowering hormone.
What is calcitonin?
Pancreatic alpha cells release this hormone when blood glucose is low.
What is glucagon?
This is an enlarged thyroid gland that may occur with iodine deficiency or too much TSH stimulation.
What is a goiter?
Most water soluble hormones bind to receptors in this location.
what is the cell membrane/plasma membrane?
This anterior pituitary hormone stimulates the thyroid gland.
What is TSH/Thyroid-stimulating hormone?
This parathyroid hormone effect helps raise blood calcium levels.
What is PTH increasing blood calcium?
The adrenal medulla releases these fight-or-flight hormones.
What are epinephrine and norepinephrine/catecholamines?
This disorder is adrenal insufficiency, often involving low cortisol and low aldosterone.
What is Addison disease?
Steroid and thyroid hormones often travel in the blood attached to these.
What are plasma proteins/carrier proteins?
These two anterior pituitary hormones target the ovaries and testes.
What is FSH and LH?
This mineral is needed to make thyroid hormones.
What is iodine?
The adrenal cortex glucocorticoid helps the body respond to long-term stress.
What is cortisol?
This syndrome results from too much cortisol exposure.
What is Cushing syndrome?
More receptors make a cell more sensitive, fewer receptors make it less sensitive.
What is upregulation and down regulation?
The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary using these hormones through the portal blood system.
What are releasing and inhibiting hormones?
When thyroid hormone levels low, TRH and TSH usually do this because of negative feedback.
What is increase?
This mineralocorticoid helps the body retain sodium and water, supporting blood pressure.
What is aldosterone?
In the HPA axis, cortisol reduces CRH and ACTH release. This is an example of this control system.
What is negative feedback?