Endocrine Overview
This system is responsible for controlling reproduction, growth, and metabolism.
endocrine system
Hormones made from cholesterol are classified as this type.
steroid hormones
This hormone from the adrenal medulla prepares the body for “fight or flight.”
epinephrine
Overproduction of growth hormone in children leads to this condition.
gigantism
Hormones interact with these cells, which must have specific receptors
target cells
These are chemical messengers transported in the blood to influence actions.
Hormones
These hormones use second-messenger systems because they cannot cross the plasma membrane.
amino acid–based hormones
This gland is located at the base of the brain and has anterior and posterior lobes.
pituitary gland
This autoimmune disorder mimics TSH and results in hyperthyroidism.
Graves’ disease
This mechanism allows hormones to amplify each other’s effects on the same target.
synergism
The endocrine system is closely linked to this other regulatory system.
nervous system
The two main second-messenger systems for hormone action.
cyclic AMP and PIP2-calcium
Name the temporary endocrine organ that produces hCG during pregnancy.
placenta
Hyposecretion of ADH can lead to this condition characterized by excessive urination.
diabetes insipidus
Hormones that oppose each other’s actions show this type of interaction.
antagonism
This type of gland secretes substances through ducts to surfaces.
exocrine glands
Lipid-soluble hormones act by directly activating this within the cell.
DNA
Where are insulin and glucagon released from and what do they do?
insulin: beta cells of pancreas, stimulate glucose uptake into cells
glucagon: alpha cells of pancreas, simulates glycogen breakdown.
A lack of iodine in the diet can result in this thyroid condition.
goiter
A hormone influencing the release of another hormone demonstrates this type of stimulation.
hormonal stimulation
Name two organs that produce hormones but are not considered endocrine glands.
heart and kidneys
These hormones are synthesized and stored as inactive forms in the thyroid gland.
thyroid hormones (T3 and T4)
List the hormones of the Anterior pituitary and what they do?
Growth hormone (GH)
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• Prolactin (PRL)
Describe the difference between type 1 and 2 diabetes.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) can be due to:
– Hyposecretion of insulin: Type 1
– Hypoactivity of insulin: Type 2
This mechanism involves a hormone’s release in response to changing blood levels of certain substances.
humoral stimulation