Functions & Hormones
What is the main function of the endocrine system?
To release hormones that regulate body functions and maintain homeostasis.
Where is the pituitary gland located?
At the base of the brain, below the hypothalamus.
What is homeostasis and how does the endocrine system contribute to it?
Homeostasis is the body’s ability to maintain a stable internal environment, regulated by hormones.
What can happen if the thyroid gland is overactive?
It can cause hyperthyroidism, leading to weight loss, rapid heartbeat, and nervousness.
Which gland is shaped like a butterfly?
The thyroid gland.
What are hormones and how do they function?
Hormones are chemicals that travel through the bloodstream to regulate body processes by binding to specific receptors on target cells.
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
It regulates the pituitary gland and connects the nervous and endocrine systems.
Which two hormones regulate blood sugar levels?
Insulin and glucagon.
What is diabetes and which gland is involved?
Diabetes is a condition where blood sugar is too high due to insulin issues; the pancreas is involved.
What is the smallest gland in the endocrine system?
The pineal gland.
How do hormones differ from nerve impulses?
Hormonal responses are slower but longer-lasting, while nerve impulses are fast and short-lived.
Which gland regulates metabolism?
The thyroid gland.
What gland helps regulate calcium levels in the blood?
The parathyroid gland.
How can stress impact the endocrine system?
It can lead to excessive cortisol release from the adrenal glands, affecting metabolism and immune function.
Which gland is known as the “master gland”?
The pituitary gland.
What is feedback inhibition in the endocrine system?
A process where an increase in a substance inhibits its further production to maintain balance.
Where are the parathyroid glands located?
On the back surface of the thyroid gland.
How does the endocrine system interact with the nervous system?
The hypothalamus acts as a bridge between the two systems by regulating hormone release.
What happens when the pituitary gland doesn’t function properly?
It can cause growth disorders and imbalances in other endocrine glands.
What gland plays a role in the fight-or-flight response?
The adrenal gland.
Give an example of a hormone and its function.
insulin lowers blood sugar levels by helping cells absorb glucose.
Name two glands that play a role in stress response.
The adrenal glands and the hypothalamus.
Explain the role of the pancreas in maintaining homeostasis.
It produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels.
What disorder results from insufficient insulin production?
Type 1 diabetes
How do hormones affect emotions?
Hormones like dopamine, serotonin, and cortisol influence mood, stress, and happiness.