Hormones and their functions
This hormone regulates metabolism by increasing the rate of protein synthesis and accelerating the breakdown of fats.
Thyroxine (T4)
This gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls other endocrine glands through hormone release.
Pituitary Gland
This disorder occurs when the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels.
Diabetes Mellitus
This hormone, produced by the hypothalamus, stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary.
Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
This hormone helps regulate the body's water balance by promoting water retention in the kidneys.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) or Vasopressin
This hormone, produced by the adrenal cortex, helps regulate sodium and water balance in the body.
Aldosterone
This gland is located on top of each kidney and consists of an outer cortex and an inner medulla.
Adrenal Glands
This condition occurs when the thyroid produces insufficient amounts of thyroid hormones, leading to symptoms like fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance.
Hypothyroidism
This hormone stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex, particularly during stress.
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH
This hormone, produced by the pancreas, lowers blood glucose levels by promoting glucose uptake into cells.
Insulin
This hormone is produced by the thyroid gland and plays a role in regulating calcium levels in the blood by decreasing calcium levels when they are elevated.
Calcitonin
This gland, located in the neck, plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism, growth, and development through its production of thyroid hormones.
Thyroid Gland
This disorder involves the overproduction of growth hormone, leading to excessive growth, particularly in the hands, feet, and face.
Acromegaly
This hormone from the hypothalamus inhibits the release of growth hormone (GH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior pituitary.
Somatostatin
This hormone, released by the pancreas, raises blood glucose levels by stimulating the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream.
Glucagon
This hormone, produced by the adrenal glands, is involved in regulating the body’s response to stress, increasing glucose availability, and suppressing the immune system.
Cortisol
This gland, located in the brain, is responsible for regulating circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles through the release of melatonin.
Pineal Gland
This disorder occurs when the thyroid gland becomes overactive, producing too much thyroid hormone, leading to symptoms like rapid heart rate, weight loss, and heat intolerance.
Hyperthyroidism
This hormone, produced by the anterior pituitary, stimulates the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland, affecting metabolism.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
This hormone, produced by the parathyroid glands, increases blood calcium levels by stimulating the release of calcium from bones and increasing calcium absorption in the kidneys and intestines.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)
This hormone, produced by the posterior pituitary, is responsible for promoting water retention by the kidneys and increasing blood pressure. It is also involved in social bonding and trust.
Vasopressin or ADH
This small, butterfly-shaped gland in the neck produces thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and regulates the body’s metabolism, growth, and development. It also produces calcitonin to help lower blood calcium levels.
Thyroid Gland
This rare condition occurs when the adrenal glands produce too much of the hormone aldosterone, leading to increased sodium retention, high blood pressure, and low potassium levels.
Primary Aldosteronism
This hormone from the hypothalamus triggers the release of gonadotropins (LH and FSH) from the anterior pituitary, which regulate reproductive functions.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
This hormone is released by the pancreas and helps to maintain glucose homeostasis by stimulating cells to take in glucose and store it as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
Insulin