Endocrine System/Blood

Endocrine Function

100

What is the class of chemical messenger that is released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood?

What is Paracrine chemical messengers

200

What is a major difference between the endocrine vs. nervous system? A)The nervous system releases neurotransmitters and the endocrine only releases hormones.B)Only the nervous system is associated with the brain.C) The term amplitude can be applied to the nervous system and frequency to the endocrine system.D) The reverse of C.

The term amplitude can be applied to the endocrine system and frequency to the nervous system.

300

Cyclic AMP functions as a(n) _______________ for _______________ hormones. A)binding site; nonsteroid B)membrane receptor; steroid C)activity site; G protein D)second messenger; nonsteroid

secondary messenger; nonsteroid

400

The release of the thyroid hormone is an example of what pattern of hormone secretion?

Chronic

500

Receptors for steroid hormones are found....A)on nutrient molecules, such as glucose B)in the cell membranes of target tissues C) in the interstitial fluid D)in the cytoplasm of the cells of target tissues

In the cytoplasm of the cells of target tissues

Endocrine Glands Pt. 1

100

True or False: the anterior pituitary is an extension of the hypothalamus.

False

200

The posterior pituitary stores and releases....A)ADH and growth hormone B) oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C)growth hormone and antidiuretic D)prolactin and oxytocin

oxytocin and antidiuretic

300

Hypothalamic releasing and release-inhibiting hormones are transported from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary by way of __________.A)the general bloodstream B) a portal system of blood vessels directly connecting the two organs C)direct contact between the two organs D)a cascade of release-inhibit-release-etc. interactions

a portal system of blood vessels directly connecting the two organs

400

Which of the following statements regarding pituitary hormones is FALSE? A)The hypothalamus makes oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone, which are transported to the posterior pituitary for storage. B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), released by the posterior pituitary, causes urine volume to increase as blood volume decreases. C)Luteinizing hormone, an anterior pituitary hormone, triggers ovulation of an egg from the ovary and causes the ruptured follicle to produce progesterone and some estrogens. D)Hyposecretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) or luteinizing hormone (LH) leads to sterility in both males and females.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), released by the posterior pituitary, causes urine volume to increase as blood volume decreases.

500

True or false: Thyroxine and triiodothyronine, the thyroid hormones, do not have a specific target organ; instead, they stimulate most of the cells of the body to metabolize at a faster rate.

True

Endocrine Glands Pt. 2

100

Parathyroid hormone....A)Decrease blood calcium levels B) Decreases PO4 levels C)Stimulates cells that breakdown bone D) Decrease synthesis of Vitamin D

Stimulate cells that breakdown bone (osteoclast)

200

True or False: The adrenal cortex secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine, which can be associated with the parasympathetic nervous system.

False

300

Which region of the adrenal cortex secretes aldosterone? A)fasciculata B) glomerulosa C)reticularis D) Both A and C

Glomerulosa

400

The clusters of cells in the pancreas that produce hormones are the... A)pancreatic cortex B)pancreatic medulla C)islets of Langerhans D)nodules

Islets of Langerhans

500

In the pancreas, ______________ cells secrete insulin, which ____________ blood levels of glucose. A)delta; raises B)alpha; lowers C)beta; raises D)beta; lowers

beta; lowers

Blood

100

A protein in the plasma that contributes to the osmotic pressure of blood is _______. A)elastin B)albumin C)thrombin D)Globulin

Albumin

200

Which of the following is NOT a function of blood? A)To regulate pH B)To regulate body temperature C)To increase fluid loss D)To transport nutrients

To increase fluid loss

300

Each of the following is a characteristic of red blood cells EXCEPT that they _______. A)are anucleate B)contain hemoglobin C)Use O2 for energy D)are formed in the red bone marrow

Use O2 for energy

400

Each of the following occurs when blood clots after a cut EXCEPT _______. A)platelets release clotting factor B)thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin C)thrombin converts fibrin into fibrinogen D)fibrin filaments trap cells to produce a clot

thrombin converts fibrin into fibrinogen

500

Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are alike in that they _______. A) lack a defined nucleus B) are the only phagocytic leukocytes C) are granulocytes D) release histamine

are granulocytes

Hormones

100

The hormone _______________, which is secreted by the adrenal _______________, causes the kidney to conserve sodium and excrete potassium ions and indirectly helps to maintain systemic blood pressure. A)aldosterone; cortex B)angiotensin I; medulla C)cortisol; cortex D)epinephrine; medulla

aldosterone; cortex

200

Types of hormones include all of these with the exception of ______________. A)amines B)proteins C)glycoproteins D)monosaccharides

monosaccharides

300

Which one of these anterior pituitary hormones shows increased secretion in response to stress? A)thyroid-stimulating hormone B)adrenocorticotropic hormone C)luteinizing hormone D)prolactin

adrenocorticotropic

400

The thyroid hormones are responsible for regulating metabolic rate and calcium and phosphate ion concentration in the blood. Which thyroid hormone lowers calcium and phosphate ion concentration in the blood? A)thyroxine B)triiodothyronine C)calcitonin D)thyroid-stimulating hormone

Calcitonin

500

Failure of the pituitary to stop producing growth hormone (GH) after body growth is completed results in _______. A)tetany B)gigantism C)acromegaly D) kidney failure

gigantism