Endocrine hormones
This hormone lowers blood glucose after a meal
Insulin
This is the body's general way of reacting to stress in three stages.
General adaption syndrome
There are two major components of blood
Plasma and formed elements
The main job of these blood cells is to protect the body against pathogens.
Leukocytes (WBCs)
The cells that are responsible for transporting O2.
Erythrocytes
Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones are this type, meaning they do not mix easily with blood plasma.
Hydrophobic hormones
This is the first stage of the general adaptation syndrome, characterized by increased epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Alarm Reaction
Clear extracellular fluid portion of blood
Plasma
This WBC primarily destroys pathogens by engulfing and digesting them through phagocytosis.
Neutrophils
This protein inside RBCs is responsible for binding and transporting oxygen.
Hemoglobin
Hydrophobic hormones must attach to these in the blood so they can be transported.
Transport proteins
During this stage, ACTH and cortisol increase, causing fat and protein breakdown and gluconeogenesis.
Stage of resistance
This property refers to blood resistance to flow
Viscosity
These WBCs help fight parasitic infections and phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes.
Eosinophils
This part of hemoglobin binds oxygen using Fe²⁺.
The heme group
This type of hormone leaves the bloodstream to enter the target cell and has a shorter half-life.
Unbound hormone
During this stage, prolonged stress can cause protein breakdown, muscle wasting, hypertension, and electrolyte imbalances.
Stage of exhaustion
Approximately how much blood does the average adult have?
About 4-6 liters
This WBC releases histamine and heparin.
Basophils
Hemoglobin contains four of these protein chains: two alpha and two beta.
Globins
This protein in the blood can transport thyroid hormones.
Albumin
During the alarm reaction, this hormone helps cause sodium and water retention.
Aldosterone
High levels of this property cause fluid to be absorbed into the blood and can raise blood pressure.
Osmolarity
These WBCs can destroy infected or cancerous cells, coordinate immune responses, produce antibodies, and provide immune memory.
Lymphocytes
RBC production increases when blood oxygen is low because the kidneys release this hormone.
Erythropoetin (EPO)