Endocrinology

Pancreas

100

ADA guidelines for dx of DM2 (3/4)

A1c > 6.5%    OR

FPG > 126 mg/dL    OR

2 hr OGTT > 200 mg/dL    OR

Pt with classic sx of hyperglycemia or hyperglycemia crisis and RPG > 200 mg/dL

200

Recommended screening test for early detection of kidney disease in diabetes patients

microalbuminuria

300

this is the definition and mechanism of LADA

latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult

adults  with islet cell antibodies

400

Side effects of GLP 1 agonists 

nausea vomiting

pancreatitis

medullary cancer of the thyroid

500

For patients with DM2 and CKD, ADA recommends consideration of these medications as part of the regimen

what is SGLT2 inhibitor or GLP-1 agonist

Thyroid

100

initial test for the the diagnosis of thyroid disease

TSH

200

What antibodies are commonly elevated in hypothyroidism?

thyroid peroxidase

300

Differentiate levels of TSH and Free t4 in overt and sub clinical hypothyroidism

Overt: TSH high

400

in subclinical hyperthyroidism these conditions favor treatment 

TSH less than 0.1 mU per L, older than 60, afib, nodule

500

How do you calculate weight based levothyroxine dose

1.6 mcg/kg/day

Parathyroid

100

maneuvers to elicit signs of hypocalcemia

Chvostek

Trousseau

200

this EKG abnormality is typical of hypocalcemia

prolonged QTc

300

conditions that cause hypercalcemia with elevated PTH

primary hyperparathyroidism 

FHH

400

Guidelines for surgery in asymptomatic PHPT

Serum calcium (>upper limit of normal)1.0 mg/dL (0.25 mmol/L)Skeletal

1. BMD by DXA: T-score <–2.5 at lumbar spine, total hip, femoral neck, or distal 1/3 radius¶
2. Vertebral fracture by radiograph, CT, MRI, or VFA

Renal

1. Creatinine clearance <60 mL/min
2. 24-hour urine for calcium >400 mg/day (>10 mmol/day) and increased stone risk by biochemical stone risk analysisΔ
3. Presence of nephrolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis by radiograph, ultrasound, or CT

Age (years)<50

500

Definitive therapy for PHPT

Parathyroidectomy

Adrenal

100

this defines incidentaloma

adrenal nodule > 1 cm

200

in a severely ill patient this random cortisol level is diagnostic of CIRCI

less than 10 mcg / dL

300

this tests can be used to diagnose Cushing syndrome

DST

24 h urine cortisol

late night salivary cortisol SALIVETTE

400

if cortisol is high and ACTH is high this radiologic test is indicated

MRI PITUITARY GLAND

500

this chemical in this plant has minerocorticoid effect also in licorice

GZA glycyrrhizinic acid in licorice

Pituitary

100

this syndrome causes postpartum hypopituitarism

Sheehan syndrome

200

this lab test is used to screen for acromegaly

IGF 1

300

this is the definition of pituitary macroadenoma

more than 1 cm

400

this is are the most common causes of non neoplastic hyperprolactinemia

physiologic, chest wall injury, pituitary stalk compression, hypothyroidism, CKD, medications

500

this medications can be used in the medical management of prolactinomas

dopamine agonists = bromocriptine, cabergoline