Pancreas
These are the criteria for increased risk for diabetes (Prediabetes) (Name 2)
IFG = fasting 100-125 mg/dL
IGT = OGTT 140-199 mg/dL at 2h
A1c = 5.8-6.4
This drug is used to treat hyperthyroidism in the 1st trimester of pregnancy
PTU
This is the formula to calculate corrected calcium in the setting of hypoalbuminemia
measured ca + [O.8 x (4 - ser alb in g/L)]
(FYI this may be taken out of testing soon as newer literature is invalidating it)
These 4 CT features are characteristic of a benign adrenal lesion
less than 4 cm, homogeneous , smooth borders, HU less than 10, rapid washout (60% at 15min)
this is the definition of pituitary apoplexy
bleeding in a pituitary tumor
This is the A1c goal in HEALTHY elderly patients
7.5%-8.0%
This is the most common cause of central hypothyroidism
pituitary adenoma
This electrolyte abnormality that can affect production and release of PTH
hypomagnesemia
mild deficiency can stimulate PTH, moderate to severe deficiency can cause hypoPTH, refractory hypoCa, muscle spasms, etc
Prognosis: PTH secretion can recover rapidly once mag is corrected (Prolonged PPI use is a risk factor)
in an office setting this AM cortisol level is diagnostic of adrenal insufficiency
less than 3 microg / dL
This is the first line treatment for acromegaly
Transsphenoidal resection of the GH secreting tumor in the pituitary
Somatostatin analogues/pegvisomant/cabergoline are second line if remission is not achieved w/ surgery
Diabetic patients at this age range should be started on moderate-intensity statin
40-75 years old
(if no additional ASCVD risk)
These are the criteria when treatment is indicated in subclinical hypothyroidism. Name 3
TSH > 10 mU per L, symptoms, goiter, pregnancy, attempting pregnancy, TPO antibodies
These are 3 conditions with hypercalcemia with low PTH
malignancy
vitamin D toxicity
granulomatous disease
if cortisol is high and ACTH is low this radiology test is indicated
CT ADRENAL GLANDS
evaluation for hormone secretion of a pituitary adenoma includes these tests for hyperfunction name at least 3
TSH , free T4, DST (or ACTH), PRL, IGF1
This is the criteria to consider metabolic surgery in diabetic patients (in the context of diabetes, not obesity)
- Class III obesity independent of glycemic control
- Class I and II obesity who fail to meet glycemic goals despite optimizing meds
These are 4 indications for antithyroid drugs (ATDs) in hyperthyroidism
small gland, no compressive symptoms, mild to moderate disease, not nodular, refuses RAI, RAI contraindicated (pregnant, lactating, children)
These are four indications for surgery in hyperparathyroidism
young < 50, osteoporosis, fragility fracture, 2" loss of height, kidney stone, CKD 3, severe hypercalcemia >12 mg/ dL, prior hypercalcemic crisis, unable to follow-up
this screening lab results indicate possible primary hyperaldosteronism
ARR > 20-30
under these 4 circumstances can a prolactinoma be observed
microprolactinoma
not troubled by galactorrhea
post menopause
premenopause but does not desire pregnancy
This is the definition and etiology of MODY
MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG
Etiology: Autosomal dominant, Monogenic diabetes
Extra: suspect if:
=/>3 generations
onset < 25
non obese
negative islet autoantibodies
These are 5 indications for surgery in hyperthyroidism
large goiter, compressive symptoms
suspicious nodule
relapse after ATDs and refuses RAI
pregnant with thyroid storm
this ratio can differentiate FHH from primary hyperparathyroidism
CCCR
calcium creatinine clearence ratio
FHH = < 0.01
this lab tests are used in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma name 5
urine metanephrines
urine catecholamines
plasma metanephrines
plasma catecholamines
urine VMA
if a patient with a prolactinoma becomes pregnant, 1)this is what you do. 2) if they have symptoms this is what you do and 3) this is when you need to evaluate for surgery
stop the dopaminergic drug -evaluate closely and monitor closely-if symptoms obtain MRI- if enlargment restart drug - if vision threatened evaluate for surgery