Epidemiology and Risk Factors
This is the estimated prevalence of endometriosis among women of reproductive age
What is 6–10%?
This symptom, often beginning before menses, is the most common presentation of endometriosis.
What is secondary dysmenorrhea?
These two first-line medications are often used for empiric treatment of endometriosis-associated pain.
What are NSAIDs and combined oral contraceptives?
This is the gold standard approach to diagnosing endometriosis surgically.
What is laparoscopy with excision or biopsy?
True or False: Medical suppression improves pregnancy rates in endometriosis-related infertility.
What is False? (Medical suppression does not improve pregnancy rates.)
Having a first-degree relative with endometriosis increases your risk by this fold.
7–10 fold
The only way to make a definitive diagnosis of endometriosis.
What is histologic confirmation of lesions at surgery?
This FDA-approved progestin, available in oral or depot form, is used for endometriosis-associated pain.
What is medroxyprogesterone acetate (oral or depot)?
True or False: Simple drainage of an endometrioma is superior to excision.
What is False? (Excision is superior to drainage.)
In stage I–II disease, surgical treatment has this approximate number needed to treat (NNT) for improved pregnancy.
What is 12? (NNT for surgery in stage I–II disease.)
Name one protective factor against endometriosis.
What is higher parity, increased lactation, or regular exercise?
These two pelvic exam findings are classic for endometriosis.
What are uterosacral ligament nodularity and an adnexal mass?
Name the FDA-approved add-back medication for patients on GnRH agonists.
What is norethindrone acetate, 5 mg daily?
This nerve procedure is ineffective for endometriosis-associated pain.
What is uterosacral nerve ablation (LUNA)?
After failed surgical management of infertility, this assisted reproductive technology is the next best option.
What is in vitro fertilization (IVF)?
Early menarche (before this age) is a risk factor for developing endometriosis.
What is age 11?
This imaging modality is the first-line choice for evaluating suspected endometriomas.
What is transvaginal ultrasonography?
This androgenic medication is highly effective for endometriosis but limited by side effects like acne and hirsutism.
What is danazol?
Laparoscopic excision of endometriomas is associated with improved pain relief but may decrease this ovarian marker of fertility.
What is antimüllerian hormone (ovarian reserve)?
Hysterectomy with ovarian conservation is associated with this percentage risk of recurrent symptoms.
What is 62%? (Recurrent symptoms with ovarian conservation.)
True or False: There is a known racial predisposition to endometriosis.
What is false?
The ASRM classification system for endometriosis has limited correlation with these two key clinical outcomes.
What are pain and infertility?
Aromatase inhibitors are reserved for women with this type of endometriosis presentation.
What is chronic pain resistant to standard therapies?
The recurrence rate of pain after conservative surgical treatment is approximately this percentage within 5 years.
What is about 50%? (Recurrence rates 47–55% within 5–7 years.)
Even after hysterectomy and oophorectomy, endometriosis may recur in up to this percentage of women.
What is 15%?