HORMONES & GLANDS & Organs
This gland is known as the “master gland”.
What is the pituitary gland?
Weight gain, cold intolerance, bradycardia.
What is hypothyroidism?
This synthetic hormone is used to DI and works by increasing H2O reabsorption in the kidneys, decreasing urine output.
What is Vasopressin?
This condition shows low serum Na+, low serum osmolality, and high urine osmolality due to excessive ADH.
What is SIADH?
Pt on chronic steroids abruptly stops medication.
What is the risk for adrenal crisis?
This gland does not secrete any hormone.
What is the posterior pituitary gland / neurohypophysis?
Moon face, buffalo hump, high glucose.
What is Cushing syndrome?
This medication is given for adrenal insufficiency and helps retain Na+ and H2O while excreting potassium.
Fludrocortisone?
This endocrine disorder presents with low cortisol, high ACTH, low Na+, high K+, and hypoglycemia.
What is Addison disease (primary adrenal insufficiency)?
Addison’s patient with infection and hypotension.
What is increase steroid dose (stress dosing)?
This organ, primarily responsible for circulation, is also part of the endocrine system.
What is the heart?
Muscle weakness, low sodium, high potassium.
What is Addison’s disease?
This drug lowers Ca levels by inhibiting osteoclast activity and is used in conditions like osteoporosis and hypercalcemia.
What is Calcitonin?
A patient has elevated cortisol and low ACTH levels, suggesting the adrenal gland is producing cortisol independently.
What is Adrenal Cushing syndrome (adrenal tumor)?
A patient with a history of head trauma begins producing 7 liters of urine per day. Sodium is 152. The patient is increasingly confused.
Strict I&O
Rapid fluid replacement
Monitor sodium & neuro status
(...)
This endocrine structure is temporary.
What is the placenta?
Polyuria, polydipsia, low urine specific gravity.
What is diabetes insipidus?
This glucocorticoid suppresses inflammation and immune response but requires gradual tapering to prevent adrenal crisis.
What is Prednisone?
A patient presents with high calcium, low phosphate, and elevated PTH levels.
What is Hyperparathyroidism?
A patient with chronic kidney stones and bone pain has calcium of 11.8 and elevated PTH.
Hydration
Cardiac monitoring
Fall precautions
(Hyperparathyroidism)
This neuroendocrine gland control center helps maintain homeostasis.
What is the hypothalamus?
Exophthalmos, heat intolerance, tachycardia.
What is hyperthyroidism (Graves disease)?
This medication is used to treat adrenocortical carcinoma and works by destroying adrenal cortex cells, reducing cortisol production.
What is Mitotane?
This disorder presents with low calcium, high phosphate, and low PTH, often causing tetany and positive Chvostek sign.
What is Hypoparathyroidism?
A hospitalized patient with small-cell lung cancer develops sodium of 118, headache, and muscle cramps.
Fluid restriction
Seizure precautions
Frequent sodium monitoring
(SIADH)