Symbiotic Relationships
A close interaction between two different species that live together.
What is some evidence to prove that mitochondria were free living?
Their origin is closer to bacteria than eukaryotic cells.
Contains their own DNA.
Presence of a double membrane.
Have the ability to reproduce independently.
When a eukaryote eats a free-living prokaryote, which then lives inside the host cell creating the existence of chloroplast, it is called?
Primary endosymbiosis.
When a eukaryote eats another eukaryote that already has chloroplast, it is called?
Secondary endosymbiosis.
What are the three main types of symbiotic relationships?
Mutualism, Commensalism, and Parasitism
What is some evidence to prove that chloroplasts were free living?
Their origin is closer to bacteria than eukaryotic cells.
Contains their own DNA.
Presence of a double membrane.
Have the ability to reproduce independently.
Which organelle is believed to have originated through primary endosymbiosis?
Chloroplast.
Secondary endosymbiosis helped these organisms become photosynthetic:
Eukaryotes.
The clownfish benefit from sea anemones by having protection from predators inside the stinging tentacles of the anemone, the anemone's tentacles are cleaned by clownfish.
What type of relationship is shown?
Mutualism.
Which organelle in eukaryotic cells is believed to have originated from a free-living cyanobacterium through primary endosymbiosis?
Chloroplast.
In what types of organisms did primary endosymbiosis first occur?
Eukaryotes.
(ex. red and green algae)
Organisms that have gone through secondary endosymbiosis often have this many membranes around their chloroplasts.
3 or 4.
What type of relationship is shown?
Commensalism.
How do the two membranes surrounding mitochondria and chloroplasts support the endosymbiotic theory?
Outer membrane: is similar to the membrane of the host eukaryotic cell.
Inner membrane: resembles the membrane of a prokaryote.
What type of organism was engulfed during primary endosymbiosis?
Photosynthetic bacteria.
During secondary endosymbiosis what type of algae was engulfed to pass on chloroplasts?
Red or green algae.
Ticks attach themselves to deer and feed off them by consuming their blood. The tick also transmits diseases causing irritation to the deer.
What type of relationship is shown?
Parasitism.
What is the significance of binary fission in mitochondria and chloroplasts in relation to endosymbiosis?
Binary fission allows the process of both mitochondria and chloroplasts to replicate its DNA before it divides.
What helps scientists prove the existence of primary endosymbiosis?
DNA inside chloroplasts.
Extra membranes.
Binary fission.
What helps scientists prove the existence of secondary endosymbiosis?
DNA inside chloroplasts.
Extra membranes.