Types of Waves
What type of wave is light?
Transverse
What is the line drawn at 90° to a surface called?
Normal
What is the unit for frequency?
Hertz (Hz)
Energy is the ability to do what?
Work
Heat is the movement of what type of energy?
Kinetic energy
What type of wave is sound?
Longitudinal
What happens when light bounces off a surface?
Reflection
What feature of a wave determines its volume?
Amplitude
What type of energy is stored in food?
Chemical
What type of heat transfer occurs in solids through particle collisions?
Conduction
In a transverse wave, what direction are vibrations compared to energy transfer?
At right angles
What happens to light when it enters a denser medium?
Slow down/bend
What happens to pitch when frequency increases?
Pitch increases
What does the Law of Conservation of Energy state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Which method of heat transfer can occur in space?
Radiation
What are the compressed regions in a longitudinal wave called?
Compressions
What is the critical angle related to?
Total internal reflection
What is the human hearing range in Hertz?
20Hz - 20,000Hz
What type of energy is released during nuclear reactions?
Nuclear
Which surfaces reflect heat most effectively?
Shiny / light-coloured
Compare transverse and longitudinal waves in terms of vibration direction.
Transverse = up and down, Longitudinal = side to side
Explain why the bottom of a pool looks closer than it is.
Refraction makes light bend, creating a virtual image
Calculate the depth of fish if a sonar pulse takes 0.6 s to return (speed of sound in water = 1440 m/s).
Distance = 1440 × 0.6 ÷ 2 = 432 m
Transformations: A battery powers a torch. Identify the energy transformation sequence.
Chemical → Electrical → Light + Heat
Explain how convection currents form in a liquid.
Hot particles rise (less dense), cool particles sink (more dense)