Newton's First Law
What does the first law of thermodynamics state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
What does the second law of thermodynamics state?
Entropy (disorder) increases in all energy transfers
What is the energy of motion called
Kinetic energy
Which type of reaction has more energy in the products than the reactants
Endergoinic
What do enzymes do
If a cell breaks down glucose, where does the energy go?
Into ATP and heat
What is entropy a measure of?
Disorder or randomness in a system
What is stored energy based on position or structure called
Potential Energy
Which type of reaction releases energy
Exergonic
Are enzymes used up in the reaction
No, they only effect the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur
When you burn food for energy, how does that follow the first law?
Chemical energy becomes heat and kinetic energy, not destroyed
Why do all energy conversions increase entropy
Some energy spreads out as heat, increasing disorder
When a book falls off a table, what energy conversion occurs?
Potential to Kinetic
Is cellular respiration endergonic or exergonic
Exergonic
What type of macromolecule are enzymes and what cause them to have so many different functions
Proteins, and the different amino acids that make them up
It's converted into kinetic energy and some is lost as heat.
Why do living organisms need a constant energy input?
To maintain order despite entropy naturally increasing
What type of energy is the movement of muscles
Kinetic
Is photosynthesis endergonic or exergonic?
Endergonic
What happens to enzyme activity when the temperature is too high or the pH is out of it's optimal range
The enzyme denatures (loses its shape and function)
Why is no process 100% energy-efficient, even though energy is conserved?
Give an example of how entropy increases in a biological system
Cells release heat during metabolism, that heat disperses energy into the environment
What type of energy is in bricks in a building
Potential
Which of these reactions would typically feel warm and which would feel cold
Exergonic would feel warm and endergonic would feel cold
What is the difference between an enzyme's active site and its substrate
The substrate is the molecule being acted on, and the active site is the region on the enzyme where it binds.